1.0 Introduction
This chapter begins with background and introduction of our dissertation. It further presents the
problem statement, research questions, objective and purpose of the research, limitation and
target audience in order to explain the structure and purpose of the study.
1.1
General /Background
Information security is a core issue in most organizations because development in distributed
processing has made it easier to access information. As a consequence organizations want to
assure the protection of their information (Solms et al., 1998). Information security is needed
because the technology applied to information creates risks (Blakley et al., 2001). Organizations
try to protect their information by protecting their information technology environment (Solms,
1999).
In the beginning of computing, mainframe computers were used with single processors, there
was no shared database, and only one program was executed at a time. It was easy to secure such
an environment. A few technical and physical mechanisms were enough to secure the entire
information processing environment. Later the computing revolution and multi-processing
computing creates a number of additional technical security mechanisms. More technical and
procedural mechanisms were required to secure such an environment (Solms, 1999).
Despite the fact that financial organizations have faced up operational risks all the way through
their history, the special attention and focus towards the management of operational risks has
increased to a great extent in the past several years. This special attention and focus on
operational risk is because of two main developments which are: an increased emphasis on the
transparency in the financial reporting of an organization, and increased exposure to operational
risk forced by new and complex production of technologies used by financial organizations.
Though new technologies bring down the costs of production and increase the value of the
product, but it also creates operational risks (Cummins et al., 2006).
2
Development in technology has given the opportunity to financial organizations to provide
products and services online. The fast development in technology provides benefits but at the
same time it contains operational risks too (Fontnouvelle et al., 2003).
The main focus of this study is to address information security operational risks and their
impacts on business in financial organizations. Information in financial organizations is very
sensitive as most of financial services are allowing customers to perform online financial
transactions through the internet and even on mobile phones; which introduces new questions in
terms of information security and risks.
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