Madaniy merosni boshqarish (chm) hozirgi va kelajak avlodlar uchun madaniy meros ob'ektlarining madaniy qadriyatlarini saqlab qolish uchun tizimli g'amxo'rlik. Madaniy merosni boshqarish endi global hodisaga aylandi

Figure 1:1 The meaning and significance of cultural heritage according to The World Heritage Convention, Article 1

Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;	groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.

Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/


UNESCO differs also between immovable heritage (archaeological sites, monuments and so on), movable heritage (paintings, coins, sculptures, manuscripts) and underwater cultural heritage (underwater ruins, shipwreck and cities).3 Article two defines natural heritage which is consisted of geological and physiographic formations, natural features and natural sites (see figure 1:2).
2022.06.09
People visiting cultural and historical resources is one of the largest, most pervasive, and fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry today. In fact, heritage tourism appears to be growing much faster than all other forms of tourism, particularly in the developing world, and is thus viewed as an important potential tool for poverty alleviation and community economic development (UNWTO 2005). Heritage tourism typically relies on living and built elements of culture and refers to the use of the tangible and intangible past as a tourism resource. It encompasses existing cultures and folkways of today, for they too are inheritances from the past; other immaterial heritage elements, such as music, dance, language, religion, foodways and cuisine, artistic traditions, and festivals; and material vestiges of the built cultural environment, including monuments, historic public buildings and homes, farms, castles and cathedrals, museums, and archeological ruins and relics. Although the heritage industry has in the past focused overwhelmingly on the patrimony of the privileged (e.g., castles, cathedrals, stately homes), there is now widespread acknowledgment and acceptance of everyday landscapes that depict the lives of ordinary people: families, farmers, factory workers, miners, fishers, women and children (Timothy and Boyd 2006a). There is recognition in tourism studies in general, and heritage tourism in particular, that tourism and its impacts, constraints, and management implications are different in the developing world from conditions in the developed world. These differences are underscored principally by differences in economics; politics, power and empowerment; colonialism; conservation/preservation practices; social mores; cultural vitality; gender and socio-economic disparities; urbanization; and legislative engagement, among others (Britton 1982; Harrison 1992; Huybers 2007; Mowforth and Munt 1998; Oppermann and Chon 1997; Timothy 1999). These differences are especially perceptible in the realm of heritage tourism and its impacts (Berger 1996; Bruner 1996; Evans 1998; Leung 2001; Timothy and Boyd 2003, 2006a; Wager 1995). In spite of the growing interest in this area, the body of knowledge is young, and there still remains a dearth of consolidated research on the dynamics of cultural heritage tourism in the developing regions of the world. This knowledge is vital for the preservation of heritage and the longevity of tourism in those destinations. This book aims to address the issues that are unique to the developing world, as well as the matters that overlap with the more developed parts of the globe. It aims to discuss much of what is known about heritage tourism in the less-developed world and to examine and challenge the existing paradigms, concepts, and practices related to cultural heritage tourism. It provides a global overview of the most critical issues facing heritage managers and heritage destinations in less-developed countries, including opportunities and prospects for developing heritage-based tourism.