parts.
In March 2004, the international governor of
Bosnia introduced some new laws for the city.
He removed the old Croat and Muslim town
councils and formed a new single council for
the city. In June 2004 the Croat and Muslim
firefighting services joined together and
became a single firefighting service. Then in
July the two ambulance services joined
together and became a single ambulance
service.
Then last week something remarkable
happened. Milan Milesovic, a Croat
ambulance driver from the Croat west side of
Mostar, drove his ambulance across one of
the bridges over the Neretva River to help a
sick Muslim on the other side. “I’m just doing
my job. It’s normal”, he said.
The Croats have also said that Muslim
schoolchildren can attend the beautiful old
grammar school in September. They will,
however, be on a separate floor and will have
a different educational programme from the
Croats.
Finally, last week, the Old Bridge reopened
again. The work took many years and cost
$9m. The bridge is a perfect copy of the old
Turkish bridge and is 27m long and stands
18m above the river. Princes, presidents and
prime ministers from all over Europe attended
the opening of the “new Old Bridge”. Many
people see the opening as a symbol of hope
for the future.
But one western official, who has been in
Bosnia for more than five years, is not so
optimistic. He says that the Croat and Muslim
politicians in Mostar are making the divisions
between the Croats and the Muslims even
greater.
The Guardian Weekly
20-07-04, page 3
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Choose the best answer.
1. The city of Mostar is ...
a. united
b. divided
c. optimistic
2. Milan Milesovic is ...
a. an ambulance driver
b. a firefighter
c. the international governor of Bosnia
3. In 1566 the Turks built ...
a. Mostar
b. a huge mosque
c. a stone bridge
4. The new bridge is ...
a. a perfect copy of the old bridge
b. a concrete bridge for buses to use
c. a symbol of the division of the city
5. The Muslims of Mostar live ...
a. on the west bank of the river
b. on the east bank of the river
c. on both banks of the river
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
1.
division
____________
5.
formation
____________
2.
introduction ____________
6.
attendance ____________
3.
education
____________
7.
destruction ____________
4.
order
____________
8.
copy
____________
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Fill the gaps using prepositions:
1. Mostar lies _______ the River Neretva.
2. Mostar has been divided _______ the Bosnian war.
3. _______ the war it was a united city.
4. The Croats live _______ the west bank of the river.
5. The new bridge is a perfect copy _______ the old bridge.
6. The bridge is a symbol of hope _______ the future.
7. The Turks built the Old Bridge _______ 1566.
8. Very few people travel _______ the river.
Look at this example from the text:
He
drove
his ambulance over one of the bridges...
‘drove’ is the irregular past simple of the verb ‘drive’
Complete the table with the past simple forms of these other irregular verbs from the
text:
1. lie
_______
2. build
_______
3. see
_______
4. become _______
5. cost
_______
6. make
_______
7. stand
_______
8. fall
_______
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
1
Key Vocabulary
1. divided
2. united
3. destroy
4. optimistic
5. attend
6. remove
7. separate
8. remarkable
2
Find the information
1. 1992-95
2. 1566
3. March 2004
4. $9m
5. 27m
6. 18m
3
Comprehension Check
1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. a; 5. b
4
Vocabulary 1
Find the Verbs
1. divide
2. introduce
3. educate
4. order
5. form
6. attend
7. destroy
8. copy
5
Vocabulary 2
Prepositions
1. on
2. since
3. before
4. on
5. of
6. for
7. in
8. across
6
Grammar Focus
Irregular Past Tenses
1. lay
2. built
3. saw
4. became
5. cost
6. made
7. stood
8. fell
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Croat and Muslim politicians in Mostar continue scheming to ruin the dream of a
reunified Bosnia.
Fill the gaps using one of these words from the text:
merge
municipality
segregated
replica
masterpiece
ethnic cleansing
counterpart
ravine
1.
The use of violence to force people from a particular ethnic group is known as
____________ .
2.
A ____________ is someone who has the same job or purpose as another
person but in a different country or organisation.
3.
A ____________ is an exceptional work of art.
4.
A ____________ is a narrow, deep valley.
5.
If two companies or organisations ____________, they combine to form a
bigger company or organisation.
6.
____________ means separated according to race, sex or religion.
7.
A ____________ is a town or area of a town with its own local government.
8.
A ____________ is an accurate copy of something.
Look in the text and find this information as quickly as possible:
1.
When was the Bosnian war?
2.
What is the name of the river in Mostar?
3.
When was the old Turkish bridge built?
4.
How much did it cost to build a new bridge?
5.
How high is the bridge above the river?
6.
Who is the international governor of Bosnia?
7.
When were the mosques of Mostar built?
8.
How high is the Croat cross?
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Bridge cannot span the divide
Ian Traynor in Mostar
For many years the city of Mostar in Bosnia-
Hercegovina has been a symbol of the problems
of the region. It is a city where the takeaway pizza
restaurant will not deliver pizzas to the Muslims
on the other side of the river. It is a city where you
can identify who is a Croat and who is a Muslim
by their different mobile telephone numbers and
servers. It is a place where there is a separate
education system for Croats and Muslims from
kindergarten to university. It is also a place where
you still cannot take a bus across the old front line
from the Bosnian war. In short, it is still a divided
city.
But last week something remarkable happened.
Milan Milesovic, a Croat ambulance driver from
the Croat west side of the city, drove his
ambulance over one of the bridges over the
Neretva River in response to an emergency call
from a Muslim on the other side.
Until the Bosnian war of 1992-95, Mostar was
probably the most ethnically integrated city in all
of former Yugoslavia. But then the war came and
ethnic cleansing began. The result is that Mostar
became the most divided town in Bosnia, a
victory for the Croatian nationalists who, with
their Serbian counterparts, wanted to destroy the
city and to remove Bosnia-Herzegovina from the
map of Europe.
Just over 10 years ago, Croatian guns finally
destroyed Mostar’s world-famous Old Bridge, a
masterpiece of Turkish architecture built in 1566.
The beautiful bridge fell into the fast green waters
of the Neretva. The bridge was a symbol of
Mostar and its destruction seemed to symbolise
the city's death.
Then last week, after years of careful work and at
a cost of $9m, the Old Bridge reopened again, a
perfect replica built of the same local stone.
Ever since the end of the war, Croatian
nationalists in west Mostar and the ruling Bosnian
Muslim party on the east have worked together to
keep the city divided. In March, however, Paddy
Ashdown, the international governor of Bosnia,
acted to reverse a process that has left Mostar
looking like a Balkan Beirut or Nicosia. He issued
an order removing the old municipalities from
power and defining Mostar as a single unified
city.
The first result of this order was Mr Milesovic's
ambulance crossing the river. This month the
Muslim and Croat emergency medical services
were merged. Last month the two firefighting
services merged. The city authorities also agreed a
single city budget for the first time since the war.
A western official who has been in Bosnia for
more than five years says, however, that the main
Croat and Muslim parties are using Ashdown’s
plans for their own purposes. "They've pushed out
the moderates and made the divisions within the
city administration even greater. Things are
getting better, but it's very hard with these
nationalist parties in power. The Croats have got a
majority now, and they think they can control the
councils," he said.
"I'd drive to the other side if there was a need,"
said a driver of the No 10 bus service operating in
the Muslim east. "But hardly anyone goes from
one side to the other." The Croats have just agreed
that Muslims can join the beautiful old grammar
school in September, but only on a separate,
segregated floor, and with separate educational
programmes for Muslims and Croats. But many
signs of the old conflict remain. The Croats have
just built a new steeple on the cathedral that is
much higher than the tallest minaret of the city's
16th-century mosques. And they have also built a
30m illuminated cross on Hum hill overlooking
the old Muslim sector of Mostar.
The Guardian Weekly
20-07-04, page 3
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Are these sentences True or False?
1.
The Muslims of Mostar live on the west bank of the river.
2.
The old bridge was destroyed by the Croats.
3.
Croats and Muslims will soon be educated in the same building in Mostar.
4.
The minarets are taller than the cathedral.
5.
The new bridge doesn’t really look like the old one.
6.
Buses now cross the city regularly from the Croat side to the Muslim side.
Complete the table. Use your dictionary to help you.
Verb
Noun
1.
deliver
____________
2.
educate
____________
3.
divide
____________
4.
merge
____________
5.
restore
____________
6.
identify
____________
7.
destroy
____________
8.
remove
____________
Rearrange these words to make short phrases or chunks. Check your answers in the
text.
1. integrated an city ethnically
2. old beautiful the bridge
3. careful after work of years
4. medical services the emergency
5. more years five than for
6. system a education separate
7. call in to an response emergency
8. one to from the side other
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Look at this example from the text:
The Croats have also built a 30m illuminated cross.
Find 5 other things, both good and bad, that have happened in Mostar recently and
express them in the present perfect.
For example:
They have reopened the old bridge.
Should people be allowed to live separately because of their ethnic background or
religion?
Make a list of points for and against ethnic separation.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
1
Key Vocabulary
1. ethnic cleansing
2. counterpart
3. masterpiece
4. ravine
5. merge
6. segregated
7. municipality
8. replica.
2
Find the information
1. 1992-95
2. The Neretva
3. 1566
4. $9m
5. 18m
6. Paddy Ashdown
7. In the 16
th
century 8. 30m
3
Comprehension Check
1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F; 5. F; 6. F
4
Vocabulary 1
Word Building
1.
delivery
2.
education
3.
division
4.
merger
5.
restoration
6.
identification 7.
destruction
8.
removal
5
Vocabulary 2
Chunks
1. an ethnically integrated city
2. the beautiful old bridge
3. after years of careful work
4. the emergency medical services
5. for more than five years
6. a separate education system
7. in response to an emergency call
8. from one side to the other
6
Grammar Focus
Present perfect for recent events with present effect
Some possible answers:
1. They have merged the firefighting services.
2. They’ve pushed out the moderates.
3. The Croats have agreed that Muslims can join the beautiful old grammar school.
4. They have just built a new steeple on the cathedral.
5. They have rebuilt the old bridge.
6. The governor has removed the old municipalities from power.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Croat and Muslim politicians in Mostar continue scheming to ruin the dream of a
reunified Bosnia.
Decide whether these statements are True or False:
1.
The Bosnian war ended in 1995.
2.
The famous old bridge in Mostar was built by the Italians.
3.
Temperatures in Mostar in the summer can be higher than 40 degrees Celsius.
4.
The old bridge was destroyed by the Serbs.
5.
The Croats of Mostar are Roman Catholics.
6.
The bridge will never be rebuilt.
Now look in the text below and check your answers.
Fill the gaps using an appropriate form of these verbs. There is one sentence for each
paragraph of the text.
erase
merge
erect
respond
overlook
undo
deliver
confound
make up
1.
Recently a Croatian ambulance driver crossed the river Neretva in Mostar to
____________ to an emergency call on the Muslim side.
2.
The local takeaway pizza restaurant will not ____________ to customers on
the other side of the river.
3.
Croatian and Serbian nationalists wanted to ____________ Bosnia-
Herzegovina from the map of Europe.
4.
The famous old bridge in Mostar was ____________ in 1566.
5.
Extremists on both sides continue to ____________ all international attempts
at reunion.
6.
Recently the Muslim and Croat emergency medical services were
____________.
7.
There have been many international attempts to ____________ the ethnic
division of Mostar.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
8.
Croats now ____________ 60% of the voters in the city of Mostar.
9.
Hum hill ____________ the old Muslim sector of Mostar.
Now look in the text and check your answers:
Bridge cannot span the divide
Ian Traynor in Mostar
In a city which has long been an emblem for the bigotry in Bosnia, Milan Milesovic struck a small blow for
decency and common sense this month. Two weeks ago the ambulance driver from the Croat west side of a
city divided ethnically for 10 years switched on his flashing blue lights and raced across the bridges over the
Neretva river to respond to the emergency call of a sick Muslim on the other side. "I am just doing my job.
It's normal," Mr Milesovic said.
But in a town where the takeaway pizza joint will not deliver to the Muslims across the river, where Croats
and Muslims can be identified by their different mobile phone numbers and servers, where education from
kindergarten to university is strictly segregated, and where you still cannot take a city bus across the old front
line from the Bosnian war, the ambulance driver's mission of mercy was anything but normal.
Until the Bosnian war of 1992-95, Mostar was probably the most ethnically integrated city in all of former
Yugoslavia. But the city became a laboratory for experiments in extreme ethnic engineering. The result is
that Mostar mutated into the most divided town in Bosnia, a triumph for the Croatian nationalists who, with
their Serbian counterparts, sought to destroy the city and to erase Bosnia-Herzegovina from the map of
Europe.
The most vivid symbol of that Croatian triumph came just over 10 years ago, when a couple of well-aimed
Croatian artillery shells brought the city's world-famous Old Bridge, a masterpiece of Ottoman Turk
architecture erected in 1566, tumbling into the fast green waters of the Neretva.
The bridge defined Mostar. Its destruction seemed to augur the city's death. But last week, after years of
painstaking work and at a cost of $9m, the Old Bridge stands again, a perfect replica built of the same
creamy local limestone. In searing heat of more than 40C, princes, presidents and prime ministers from all
over Europe and the Middle East attended the opening of the "new Old Bridge" whose restoration is being
hailed as the start of a happier new era for Mostar. Perhaps. But ever since the war the Croatian extremists
of west Mostar and the ruling Bosnian Muslim party on the east bank have connived in the city's partition,
dividing the spoils between them and confounding all international attempts at reunion.
In March Paddy Ashdown, international governor of Bosnia, acted to reverse a process that has left Mostar
as a Balkan Beirut or Nicosia. He ordered the dissolution of the ethnically divided municipalities and
imposed a new statute defining Mostar as a single unified city. Mr Milesovic's ambulance crossing the divide
is a first fruit of the Ashdown diktat. This month the Muslim and Croat emergency medical services were
merged. That was preceded by a merger of the twin firefighting services. And the rival city authorities agreed
a single city budget for the first time since the war.
Lord Ashdown's move is one of the most ambitious projects since he took on the running of Bosnia two
years ago. It comes after the failure of several international attempts to undo Mostar's division. "This time it's
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
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different," said Sanela Tunovic from Lord Ashdown's office. "It's imposed. The political parties were not
able to agree, but now it's being implemented." A western official who has been in Bosnia for more than five
years warns, however, that the main Croat and Muslim parties are manipulating the Ashdown plan to their
own ends. "They've pushed out the moderates and entrenched the divisions within the city administration.
Things are getting better, but it's very hard with these nationalist parties in power."
Lord Ashdown's staff talk of reunifying and restructuring 70 city institutions - from rubbish collection to
sewage works to the make-up of the city council in a town of just over 100,000, whose demographic
composition was thoroughly altered by the war and ethnic cleansing. The Croats who partitioned and
destroyed the city comprised a third of the population before the war. They drove almost all the Muslims
across the river. Now they make up more than 60% of city voters, which helps to explain why their
leadership is more open to the Ashdown scheme. "The Croats have got a majority now, and they think they
can control the councils," said the western official.
"I'd drive to the other side if there was a need," said a driver of the No 10 bus service operating in the
Muslim east. "But hardly anyone goes from one side to the other." The Croats have just agreed that Muslims
can join the splendid old grammar school in September, but only on a separate, segregated floor still to be
built, and with separate curriculums for both communities. The landmarks of Roman Catholic triumphalism
remain. A new steeple on the cathedral has been built to dwarf the tallest minaret of the city's 16th-century
mosques. And the Croats have erected a 30m illuminated cross on Hum hill overlooking the old Muslim
sector of Mostar.
The Guardian Weekly
20-07-04, page 3
Choose the best answer in each case:
1. Which of these best describes the city of Mostar?
a.
A mixture of Serbs and Croats.
b.
A mixture of Serbs and Muslims.
c.
A mixture of Croats and Muslims.
2. How was the old bridge in Mostar destroyed?
a.
It was burnt down.
b.
It was destroyed by shells.
c.
It was bombed.
3. What action has the international governor of Bosnia taken?
a.
He has ordered the two sides to live together in peace and harmony.
b.
He has introduced a new law defining Mostar as a single unified city.
c.
He has called for new municipal elections.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
4. What is the main obstacle to the reunification of Mostar?
a.
The old bridge.
b.
The single city budget.
c.
The nationalist Muslim and Croat political parties.
5. What is the significance of the new bridge?
a.
It allows ambulances and buses to cross the river.
b.
It is a symbol of hopes for the future unification of the city.
c.
It is a bridge between Europe and the Islamic world.
Find the words which mean:
1.
A noun meaning the practice of having very strong and unreasonable opinions
about politics, race or religion. (paragraph 1)
2.
A verb meaning to separate groups of people because of race, sex or religion.
(para 2)
3.
A verb meaning to become physically different. (para 3)
4.
A verb meaning to fall to the ground. (para 4)
5.
An adjective meaning ‘careful and slow’. (para 5)
6.
A noun which means the process of officially ending the existence of an
organisation. (para 6)
7.
A verb meaning to influence or control someone or something in a clever or
dishonest way. (para 7)
Match the words in the left-hand column with the ones they collocate with in the
right-hand column.
1. searing
a. collection
2. ambitious
b. symbol
3. flashing
c. divisions
4. vivid
d. heat
5. entrenched
e. line
6. rubbish
f. light
7. front
g. work
8. painstaking
h. project
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Look at this example from the text:
A new steeple on the cathedral has been built.
This is an example of a passive sentence in the present perfect tense.
Look in the text and find examples of the following:
1.
A example of a passive with the modal verb ‘can’. (paragraph 2)
2.
An example of the present simple passive. (para 2)
3.
An example of the present continuous passive. (para 5)
4.
Two examples of the past simple passive. (para 6)
5.
Another example of the present continuous passive. (para 7)
6.
Another example of the past simple passive. (para 8)
7.
An example of the passive infinitive. (para 9)
Should people be allowed to live separately because of their ethnic background or
religion? Make a list of points for and against ethnic separation.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
1
What do you know?
1. T;
2. F;
3. T;
4. F;
5. T;
6. F
2
Find the verb
1. respond
2. deliver
3. erase
4. erected
5. confound
6. merged
7. undo
8. make up
9. overlooks
3
Comprehension Check
1. c; 2. b; 3. b; 4. c; 5. b
4
Vocabulary 1
Find the Word
1. bigotry
2. segregate
3. mutate
4. tumble
5. painstaking
6. dissolution
7. manipulate
5
Vocabulary 2
Collocations
1. d; 2. h; 3. f; 4. b; 5. c; 6. a; 7. e; 8. g
6
Grammar Focus
Different tenses in the passive voice
1. ... can be identified ...
2. ... is segregated ...
3. ... is being hailed ...
4. ... were merged ... and ... was preceded ...
5. ... is being implemented ...
6. ... was altered ...
7. ... to be built ...
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