Machine industry
The machine industry or machinery
industry is a subsector of the industry,
that produces and maintains machines
for consumers, the industry, and most
other companies in the economy.
This machine industry traditionally
belongs to the heavy industry.
Nowadays, many smaller companies in
this branch are considered part of the
light industry. Most manufacturers in the
machinery industry are called machine
factories.
The machine industry is a subsector of
the industry that produces a range of
products from power tools, different
types of machines, and domestic
Presentation of machinery industry on a fair in
Dresden, 1982.
Overview
technology to factory equipment etc. On
the one hand the machine industry
provides:
The means of production for
businesses in the agriculture, mining,
industry and construction.
The means of production for public
utility, such as equipment for the
production and distribution of gas,
electricity and water.
A range of supporting equipment for all
sectors of the economy, such as
equipment for heating, ventilation, and
air conditioning of buildings.
These means of production are called
capital goods, because a certain amount
of capital is invested. Much of those
production machines require regular
maintenance, which becomes supplied
specialized companies in the machine
industry.
On the other end the machinery industry
supplies consumer goods, including
kitchen appliances, refrigerators,
washers, dryers and a like. Production of
radio and television, however, is generally
considered belonging to the electrical
equipment industry. The machinery
industry itself is a major customer of the
steel industry.
The production of the machinery industry
varies widely from single-unit production
and series production to mass
production.
[1]
Single-unit production is
about constructing unique products,
which are specified in specific customer
requirements. Due to modular design
such devices and machines can often be
manufactured in small series, which
significantly reduces the costs. From a
certain stage in the production, the
specific customer requirements are built-
in, and the unique product is created.
[1]
History
Interior of the Swiss machine factory, late 19th
century
Machine shop
of Swiss machine factory Escher
Wyss, 1875
The machinery industry came into
existence during the Industrial
Revolution. Companies in this emerging
field grew out of iron foundries,
shipyards, forges and repair shops.
[2]
Often companies were a combination of
machine factory and shipyard. Early in
the 20th century several motorcycle and
automobile manufacturers began their
own machine factories.
Prior to the industrial revolution a variety
of machines existed such as clocks,
weapons and running gear for mills
(watermill, windmill, horse mill etc.)
Wilton machine factory and shipyard, c. 1918
Production of these machines were on
much smaller scale in artisan workshops
mostly for the local or regional market.
With the advent of the industrial
revolution manufacturing began of
composite tools with more complex
construction, such as steam engines and
steam generators for the evolving
industry and transport.
[2]
In addition, the
emerging machine factories started
making machines for production
machines as textile machinery,
compressors, agricultural machinery, and
engines for ships.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |