M01 laws tm4 5700. indd

(page 56)
• Read the introduction aloud. Have students 
read the Sequence of Tenses Rules either in 
class or at home.
• Read the directions for Practice 5. Have 
students complete the exercise. Have four 
students write the items on the board. Go 
over the answers with the class.
Variation: 
Since indirect speech is rarely 
used in academic writing, skip this section 
if time is short. 
EXTENSION:
Have students fi nd a news story in a 
newspaper or online site to see how direct 
quotations are used as supporting details. 
A good source is the Voice of America site 
at voanews.com. Have students select an 
article and highlight the direct and indirect 
quotations. Then have them share their 
fi ndings with their classmates. 
PARAPHRASING 
(pages 58–65)
• The following sections can help students 
develop paraphrasing skills: Reduced 
Adjective Clauses, page 267; Reduced 
Adverb Clauses, pages 274–276.
• Read the introduction aloud. Emphasize 
that a paraphrase is more or less the same 
length as the original. This is important 
because it is what distinguishes a 
paraphrase from a summary. 
Analyzing the Model 
(page 58)
• Have students work with a partner or in a 
small group to read the original passage 
and the paraphrase. Then have them answer 
the questions about the model. Go over the 
answers with the class. 
Plagiarism and Paraphrasing 
(page 60)
• Have students read this section alone, in 
class or at home. Have students identify 
the type of plagiarism in each unacceptable 
paraphrase. Discuss the answers with the 
class. 
Variation: 
Use an inductive presentation. 
Have students read the two unacceptable 
paraphrases before they read the 
introduction to this section. Ask them why 
they think the paragraphs are unacceptable. 
Then have them read the explanation. 
Longman Academic Writing Series 4, Fifth Edition, Teacher’s Manual 
●
Chapter Teaching Notes
19
© 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 

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Writing a Successful Paraphrase 
(page 61)
• Have students read the introductory text in 
class or at home. 
• In class, have them do Practice 6 with a