М о р ф о л о г и я сўз туркумлари

§ 45. Past Perfect hardly, scarcely, no sooner равишлари мавжуд бўлганида бош гапда ишлатилади. Эргаш гапда эса Past Indefinite ишлатилади:
He had hardly (scarcely) entered the house, when it started to rain.
У уйга кириши биланоқ ёмғир ёғишни бошлади.
No sooner had he arrived, than he fell ill. У етиб келиши биланоқ касал бўлди.


Past Perfect нинг ишлатилиш холатлари умумий жадвали

№	Ифодаланадиган иш-харакат	Мисол	Таржимаси
1	Ўтган замондаги аниқ бир п а й т г а ч а с о д и р б ў л г а н иш-харакат	I had translated the article by five o’clock. They had shipped the goods when your telegram arrived.	Мен соат бешгача мақолани таржима қилиб бўлган эдим. Телеграммангиз етиб келганида улар молларни юклаб бўлган эдилар.

The Future Perfect Tense (Тугалланган келаси замон)


Future Perfect Tense нинг ясалиши

§ 46. 1. Future Perfect to have ёрдамчи феълининг келаси замон шакли (shall have, will have) ва асосий феълнинг ўтган замон сифатдош шакли (Past Participle) ёрдамида ясалади: I shall have worked, he will have worked, we shall have worked.

2. С ў р о қ шаклида биринчи ёрдамчи феъл эгадан олдин қўйилади: Shall I have worked? Will he have worked? Shall we have worked?
3. Б ў л и ш с и з шакли not юкламасини биринчи ёрдамчи феълдан кейин қўйиш билан ясалади: I shall not have worked, he will not have worked, we shall not have worked.
4. С ў р о қ – б ў л и ш с и з шаклида not юкламаси эгадан кейин қўйилади: Shall I not have worked? Will he not have worked? Shall we not have worked?

Бўлишли шакли	Сўроқ шакли	Бўлишсиз шакли	Сўроқ-бўлишсиз шакли
I shall have worked He (she, it) will have worked We shall have worked You will have worked They will have worked	Shall I have worked? Will he (she, it) have worked? Shall we have worked? Will you have worked? Will they have worked?	I shall not have worked He (she, it) will not have worked We shall not have worked You will not have worked They will not have worked	Shall I not have worked? Will he (she, it) not have worked? Shall we not have worked? Will you not have worked? Will they not have worked?

5. Сўзлашувда Future Indefinite да ишлатиладиган қисқартмалар ишлатилади (қаранг: Future Indefinite Tense нинг ясалиши мавзуси, 5-пункт): I’ll have worked, he’ll have worked; I shan’t have worked, I’ll not have worked, he won’t have worked, he’ll not have worked; Shan’t I have worked? Won’t he have worked? ва бошқалар.

Future Perfect Tense нинг ишлатилиши

§ 47. Future Perfect к е л а с и з а м о н д а г и а н и қ б и р п а й т г а ч а с о д и р б ў л и б т у г а й д и г а н келаси замон иш-харакатларини ифодалаш учун ишлатилади. Иш-харакатнинг содир бўлиб тугаш пайти қуйидагилар билан ифодаланиши мумкин:

1.