|
Профессор был довален тем, что Том изучает органическую химию.
Они настояли на том, чтобы конференция была отложена.
Мне не нравится его манера читать лекции.
Барометр — это инструмент для измерения давления.
Прочитав статью, она написала письмо д -ру Брауну.
Они работали, не останавливаясь для отдыха.
Переписывая формулу, он сделал несколько ошибок.
Мы обогащаем наши знания по химии, проводя эксперименты.
215
Participle I doing expresses simultaneous action with the main verb (выражает одновременное действие с действием, выраженным основным глаголом)
|
Functions
|
Examples
|
Translation
|
Adverbial modifier (Обстоятельство)
of time (времени)
of reason (причины)
of manner (образа действия)
Attribute (Определение)
|
(While) making the experiment, he broke some glassware.
Knowing the subject well, hp helped his fellow students.
Not knowing what the matter was, we couldn't help her.
I like books describing scientific discoveries.
|
Проводя опыт, он разбил посуду.
Хорошо зная предмет, он по- . могал своим однокурсникам.
Не зная, что с ней, мы не могли ей помочь.
Мне нравятся книги, описывающие научные открытия.
|
Perfect Participle having done expresses the action preceding the action expressed by the main verb
(выражает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному основным глаголом)
|
Functions
|
Examples
|
Translation
|
1. Adverbial modifier
of reason
of time
|
Having lost liis notes, he couldn't get ready for the seminar.
Having conducted the experiment, he handed in the results to the teacher.
|
Потеряв свои записи, он не . смог подготовиться к семинару.
Проведя эксперимент, он сдал результаты преподавателю.
|
Note: Perfect Participle is not used as an attribute.
Перфектное причастие не употребляется в качестве определения.
|
|
Everybody knows the name of the man who made this discovery.
|
Все знают имя человека, сделавшего это открытие.
|
Participle 11 worked, done has the meaning of the passive voice (имеет значение страдательного залога)
|
Attribute
Adverbial modifier
|
We were impressed by the discovery described in the article.
(When) asked to make the experiment, he refused.
|
Открытие, описанное в статье, произвело на нас большое впечатление.
Когда его попросили провести опыт, он отказался.
|
216
1. After the verbs denoting desire, and the verbs to like and to hate
|
They wanted me to make the experiment.
|
Они хотели, чтобы я провел эксперимент.
|
2. After the verbs denoting sense perception: to hear, to notice, to observe, to feel and after to make and to let
|
I saw him make the expert- merit.
I saw him making the experiment.
|
Я видел, что он проводил эксперимент.
Я видел, как он проводил эксперимент.
|
3. After the verbs denoting mental activity: to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to suppose, to expect, etc.
|
I consider him to be right. We expected him to write an article.
|
Я считаю, что он прав. Мы ожидали, что он напишет статью.
|
4. After the verbs denoting order, request, permission (infinitive is passive)
|
The instructor ordered the goggles to be worn.
|
Инструктор приказа/1 носить очки.
|
5. After the verbs requiring prepositional object: to wait for, to count on and others
|
I rely on you to make the experiment.
|
Я рассчитываю на то, что вы проведете опыт.
|
The Use of the Complex Subject
Table 13
1. When the predicate is in the passive voice and is expressed by the verbs to say, to state, to report, to announce, to believe, to expect, to know and others.
|
He is said to take part in the
conference.
|
Говорят, что он примет участие в конференции.
|
2. When the predicate is in the active voice and is expressed by the verbs to seem, to appear, to happen, to prove, to chance, to turn out.
|
She seems to have missed the lecture.
|
Кажется, она пропустила лекцию.
|
3. When the predicate is expressed by adjectives likely, unlikely, certain, sure with the verb to be.
|
They arc likely to take part
in the experiment.
|
Они, вероятно, примут участие в эксперименте.
|
217
|
|
Present
|
a) Simple Infinitive
|
should, would, could, might
|
+
|
Future
|
|
|
Past
|
b) Perfect Infinitive
|
218
They would like to make another experiment.
We should call this substance by a different name. *
He is in the laboratory now. He could (would,
might) help us.
Why didn't he come yesterday? 1
We could have made the experiment together. r
The work might have taken less time. J
Present
Future Desirable,
problematic,
doubtful
actions.
Past
COMPOUND SENTENCES (СЛОЖНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ)
Conditional Clauses (Условные придаточные предложения)
Present
Future
Past
}
be, were, could, had, spoke, knew had been, had spoken, had known
if, unless, in case, provided (providing) (that), on condition (that), even though, suppose, if it were not for, but for, granting
1. //'she comes tomorrow, I shall give her my notes, (real conditions)
No subjunctive mood is used.
2. If she came,
If she should come, Should she come,
If she were to come, Were she to come,
I should (could, might)
give her my notes.
Action * contrary to reality.
3. If she had come last night, 1 I should (could, might)
Had she come last night, J have given her my notes. „
219
Emphatic Constructions
Emphatic If-Clauses
If he (be) were here, he would help us. If I had time, I could help you.
If it had not been for their assistance, she would not have completed the work.
Were he here, he would help us.
FI ad I time, I could help you.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
