M. M. Abralov payvandlash materiallari

Keramik flyuslar

Keramik flyuslar suyuq shisha vositasida mustahkam birlashtirilgan shlak hosil qiluvchi tashkil etuvchilar va ferroqotishmalardan iborat. Ftorli va xlorli tuzlar asosida tuzilgan, qiziganda o‗z-o‗zidan birikuvchi keramik flyuslar mustahkamlagichsiz (suyuq shishasiz) tayyorlanishi mumkin.

Keramik flyuslar yordamida payvand choklarni legirlash imkoniyatlarining kengligi ularning ijobiy xususiyati hisoblanadi. Kam uglerodli va kam legirlangan po‗latlarni payvandlashga mo‗ljallangan ba‘zi keramik flyuslar g‗ovaklar hamda qizish darzlari yuzaga kelishiga moyilligi eng yaxshi eritib olingan flyuslar bilan payvandlashdagiga qaraganda ancha past bo‗lgan choklar hosil bo‗lishiga yordam beradi.

7.3-jadval Po‘latlarni avtomatik, yarimavtomatik va elektr-shlak usulida payvandlash uchun ishlatiluvchi eritib olingan flyuslar tarkibi

Flyus markasi	Kimyoviy tarkibi, %
	SiO2	MrO	CaF2	MgO	CaO	Al1O3	K2O+N a2O	Mn2O3	FeO	Fe2O 3	S	P
									(ko‗pi bilan)
AН-1 (shixta)	36,0- 38,0	15,0- 17,0	16,0-18,0	-	11,0- 13,0	13,0- 15,0	2,0-3,0	-	1,5	-	-	-
OСЦ- 45^1	38,0- 44,0	38,0- 47,0	6,0-9,0	2,5 gacha	6,5 gacha	5,0 gacha	-	-	-	2,0	0,15	0,15
AН- 348A^1	41,0- 44,0	34,0- 38,0	4,0-5,5	5,5-7,5	6,5 gacha	4,5 gacha	-	0,1-0,3	-	2,0		0,12
AН- 348AM^1	41,0- 44,0	34,0- 38,0	3,5-4,5	5,0-7,5	6,5 gacha	4,5 gacha	-	0,1-0,3	-	2,0		0,12
OСЦ- 45M^1	38,0- 44,0	38,0- 47,0	6,0-9,0	2,5 gacha	6,5 gacha	5,0 gacha	-	-	-	2,0		0,10
ФЦ-4^2	45,0- 48,0	30,0- 33,0	2,0-3,0	2,0 gacha	6,0 gacha	4,5 gacha	1,0-1,2	-	1,5	-	0,10	0,10
ФЦ-6	43,0- 45,0	44,0- 47,0	2,5-3,0	1,0 gacha	4,0 gacha	2,5 gacha	0,35- 0,40				0,15
ФЦ-7	46,0- 48,0	24,0- 26,0	5,0-6,0	16,0- 18,0	3,0 gacha	3,0 gacha	0,6-0,8				0,10
ФЦ-9	39,0- 41,0	39,0- 41,0	2,0-3,0	1,0 gacha		11,0- 13,0	-				0,10
AН-10	20,0- 23,0	29,5- 33,5	18,0-24,0	1,2 gacha	3,0-7,0	19,0- 21,0	0,40- 0,60	-	1,2	-	0,15	0,20
ФЦ-10	44,0- 47,0	-	2,0-3,0	28,0- 30,0	3,0 gacha		-	-	1,5	-	0,10	0,10
АН-51^3	33,0- 31,0	5,0-6,5	7,0-8,5	14,0- 17,0	12,0- 15,0	21,0- 23,0					0,15	0,05
ФЦЛ-2	34,0- 37,0	-	6,0-7,5	16,0- 18,0	32,0- 34,0	6,0-7,0	-	-	1,2	-	0,10	0,10
AН-20	21,0- 23,0	0,5 gacha	25,0-33,0	9,0- 13,0	3,0-7,0	28,0- 32,0	2,4-3,0	-	1,0	-	0,08	0,05
AН-22	18,0- 21,5	6,0-9,0	20,0-24,0	11,5- 15,0	12,0- 15,0	19,0- 23,0	1,3-1,7				0,06	0,06
AН-30	2,0-5,0	0,5 gacha	19,0-23,0	13,0- 16,0	16,0- 20,5	39,0- 44,0	-				0,08	0,05
AН-26	30,0- 32,0	2,5-3,5	20,0-24,0	16,0- 18,0	5,0-6,5	20,0- 22,0	-				0,07	0,10

AН-8	33,0- 36,0	21,0- 26,0	13,0-19,0	5,0-7,0	4,0-7,0	11,0- 15,0	-	-	1,5	-	0,15	0,15
БKФ-5^4	< 2,0	-	75,0-80,0	-	-	-	-	-	1,0	-	0,05	0,02
^1 ГОСТ 9087-59. ^2 TiO2 – 5 - 6%. ^3 TiO2 – 1,5 - 2.5 % ^4 NaF – 17,0 – 25,0

7.4-jadval

Flyuslarning ayrim markalari qo‘llaniladigan sohalar

Flyus markasi	Payvandlanadigan po‗lat markasi	Sim		Ko‗proq qo‗llanilishi
		markasi	ГОСТ
AН-1	MСт1, MСт.2, MСт3; xromansil po‗lati	Св-10ГС	-	120mm va bundan katta diametrli silindrsimon buyumlarning halqasimon choklarini avtomatik payvandlash
OСЦ-45	MСт1, MСт2, MСт3, MСт4	Св-08, Св-08A	2246-60	Kichik diametrli xalqasimon choklardan tashqari birikmalarning hamma turlarini avtomatik va yarimavtomatik payvandlash. Zangga va qizish darzlariga moyilligi sanoatda ishlab chiqariladigan boshqa eritib olingan flyuslarga nisbatan eng past
AН- 348A				Birikmalarning barcha turlarini avtomatik va yarimavtomatik payvandlash. Uncha ko‗p bo‗lmagan miqdorda zararli gazlar ajratib chiqaradi, shu bois yopiq idishlarda payvandlash uchun ishlatiladi
ФС-9	MСт1, MСт2, MСт3,	Св-08, Св- 08A
ФЦ-4	MСт1, MСт2, MСт3, 15M	10, Св-15M	2246-60; 1050-57	Katta qalinlikdagi po‗latni quvvatli yoylar bilan ko‗p o‗tishda avtomatik payvandlash
ФЦ-6				Katta qalinlikdagi po‗latni ko‗p o‗tishda avtomatik payvandlash
ФЦ-7		Св-08, Св- 08A, Св- 15M		Uch fazali yoy bilan ko‗p o‗tishda payvandlash
AН-10				Konstruksion po‗latlarni avtomatik payvandlash
ФЦ-10	MСт1, MСт2, MСт3	Marganets miqdori 2,0- 2,5 bo‗lgan marganetsli	-	Birikmalarning hamma turlarini avtomatik va yarimavtomatik payvandlash. Oz mi- qdorda zararli gazlar ajratib chiqaradi va tarkibida marganets oksidlari yo‗qligi uchun sanitariya-gigiena jihatidan eng maqbullardan biri sanaladi.
AН-51		Св-10Г2	2246-60	Birikmalarning barcha turlarini avtomatik va yarimavtomatik payvandlash. YOpiq idishlarda payvandlashga yaraydi
ФЦЛ-2	1X18Н9	Св-0X18Н9	-	Birikmalarning hamma turlarini avtomatik hamda yarimavtomatik payvandlash
AН-20	Yuquori darajada legirlangan xrom- nikelli 1X18Н9 va boshqalar	Св-0X18Н9, Св- 0XН9С2, X20Н10Г6T	-
AН-22
AН-26
AН-30	Yuqori darajada legirlangan xrom- nikelli, shuningdek X12	maxsus	-	Avtomatik payvandlash va eritib qoplash

	turidagi po‗latlar
БКФ- 5,ФЦК	Yuqori darajada legirlangan po‗lat va qotishmalar
AН-8, ФЦ7	MСт1, MСт2, MСт3	Св-08, Св- 08A	2246-60	Elektrshlak usulida payvandlash
	Kam legirlangan po‗latlar	Kam legirlanga n

Keramik flyuslarning mazkur xossalari talay hollarda ulardan foyda- lanishni juda maqsadga muvofiq qiladi. Ayrim keramik flyuslarning tar- kibi 7.5-jadvalda keltirilgan.

7.5-jadval

Avtomatik va yarimavtomatik payvandlash uchun shlatiladigan keramik flyuslarning tarkibi, %

Flyusning tashkil etuvchilari	Flyus markalari
	К-1	К-2	К-3	К-11	КС-1	П	КС- 30ХГС НА	КС-Ш	КС-С	КВС -19	ФЦК^1
Marganets rudasi	-	-	-	60,0	-	-	-	-	-	54,0	-
Titan konsentrati	48,0	55,0	59,0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dala shpati	13,0	13,0	15,0	-	-	-	-	6,0	-	-	8,0
Kalsiy xlorid	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	77,0
Plavik shpati	10,0	10,0	10,0	10,0	20,0	20,0	20,0	-	20,0	7,0	-
Marmar	-	-	-	-	57,7	72,5	50,3	42,4	35,8	-	5,0
Natriy ftorid	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Titan qo‗shoksidi	-	-	-	-	15,0	-	15,0	6,0	5,0	-	10,0
Giltuproq	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Kvars	-	-	-	20,0	-	-	-	5,0	-	30,0	-
Ferrosilitsiy^3	15,0	8,0	8,0	10,0	0,8	2,0	4,2	-	4,7	7,0	-
Ferrotitan	-	-	-	-	6,0	2,0	6,2	14,0	6,0	2,0	-
Ferroalyuminiy	-	-	-	-	-	3,0	-	1,5	-	-	-
Uglerodli ferromarganets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,5	-	-
Metall nikel	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,4	-	2,0	-	-
Kam uglerodli ferromarganets	14,0	14,0	8,0	-	0,5	0,5	1,7	-	-	-	-
Uglerodli ferroxrom	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	24,0	23,0	-	-
Grafit	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,4	1,1	3,0^2	-	-
Natriy silikat (zichligi 1,35 bo‗lgan quruq massasi og‗irligiga nisbatan foizda)	15,0	13,0	13,0	19,0	20,0	20,0	20,0	17,0	15,0	30,0	-
^1 ФЦК flyusining quruq aralashmasiga 12,5 % suv qo‗shiladi. ^2 Koks. ^3 75 % li

Kam uglerodli po‗latlarni payvandlash uchun ishlatiladigan К-1, К-2, К-11 ва КВС-19 flyuslari zang ta‘sirida g‗ovaklar paydo bo‗lishiga moyilligi past choklar hosil qiladi.
K-3 va KС-30XГСНA flyuslari mos ravishda, kam legirlangan СXЛ hamda 30XГСНA po‗latlarini payvandlash uchun tavsiya etiladi. KС-1 va П flyuslaridan chok metallini qo‗shimcha legirlash maqbul bo‗lmagan hollarda foydalanish mumkin.
KС-Ш va KС-С flyuslari kuchli legirlaydigan flyuslarga misoldir. Ularning birinchisidan sovuqlayin shtamplashga mo‗ljallangan shtam- plarga eritib qoplash uchun foydalaniladi (tarkibida uglerod miqdori 1,6
– 1,8% va xrom miqdori 11,5 – 12,5% bo‗lgan eritib qoplangan metall hosil qiladi); ikkinchisini eritib qoplash orqali sormayt turidagi metall (1,6 – 1,8% С, 12 – 14% Сr, 1,5 – 2,0% Ni) hosil qilish talab etiladigan hollarda ishlatish tavsiya qilinadi.
Ayni flyuslar ostida avtomatik payvandlash uchun Св-08 markali (ГОСТ 2246-60) kam uglerodli sim qo‗llaniladi.
ФСК flyusi yuqori darajada legirlangan, austenitli, o‗tga chidamli, korroziyabardosh po‗latlarni, shuningdek perlitli, konstruksion hamda issiqqa chidamli po‗latlarni payvandlashga mo‗ljallangan.
Metall qo‗shimchalari bo‗lgan legirlovchi keramik flyuslarning ay- rim kamchiliklari chokning kimyoviy tarkibi yoydagi kuchlanishga bog‗liqligidan iborat. Payvandlash jarayonida yoyning uzunligi o‗zgarib turishi chokning kimyoviy tarkibi o‗zgarishiga olib keladi, bu esa uning mexanik xossalari barqaror bo‗lishini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.