THURSDAY'S MEETING OF THE PAROLE
AND DISCIPLINARY BOARD
The next day brings four more prisoners before a reconstituted Parole Board. Ex-
cept for Carlo, all the other members of the Board are newcomers. Craig Haney,
who had to leave town for urgent family business in Philadelphia, is replaced by
another social psychologist, Christina Maslach, who quietly observes the pro-
ceedings with little apparent direct involvement—at this time. A secretary and
two graduate students fill out the rest of this five-person Board. However, at the
urging of the guards, in addition to considering parole requests, the Board also
considers various disciplinary actions against the more serious troublemakers.
Curt Banks continues in his role as sergeant-at-arms, and Warden David Jaffe also
sits in to observe and comment when appropriate. Again I watch from behind the
one-way viewing screen and record the proceedings for subsequent analysis on
our Ampex video recorder. Another variation from yesterday is that we do not
have the prisoners sit around the same table with the Board but separately in high
chairs, on a pedestal, so to speak—all the better to observe them as in police detec-
tive interrogations.
146 The Lucifer Effect
A Hunger Striker Strikes Out
First up on the docket is Prisoner 416, recently admitted, who is still on a hunger
strike. Curt Banks reads off the disciplinary charges that several guards have filed
against him. Guard Arnett is especially angered at 416; he and the other guards
are not sure what to make of him: "Here for such a short time, and he has been to-
tally recalcitrant, disrupting all order and our routine."
The prisoner immediately agrees that they are right; he will not dispute any
of the charges. He insists on securing legal representation before he consents to
eat anything served him in this prison. Prescott goes after his demand for "legal
aid," forcing a clarification.
Prisoner 416 replies in a strange fashion: "I'm in prison, for all practical pur-
poses, because I signed a contract, which I'm not of legal age to sign." In other
words, either we must get a lawyer to take his case and get him released, or he will
continue with his hunger strike and get sick. Thus, he reasons, the prison authori-
ties will be forced to release him.
This scrawny youngster presents much the same face to the Board that he
does to the guards: he is intelligent, self-determined, and strong willed in his opin-
ions. However, his justification for disputing his imprisonment—that he was not
of legal age to sign the research informed consent contract—seems strangely le-
galistic and circumstantial for a person who has typically acted from ideological
principles. Despite his disheveled, gaunt appearance, there is something about
416's demeanor that does not elicit sympathy from anyone who interacts with
him—neither the guards, the other prisoners, nor this board. He looks like a
homeless street person who makes passersby feel more guilty than sympathetic.
When Prescott asks on what charge 416 is in jail for, the prisoner responds,
"There is no charge, I have not been charged. I was not arrested by the Palo Alto
police."
Incensed, Prescott asks if 416 is in jail by mistake, then. "I was a standby, I—"
Prescott is fuming now and confused. I realize that I had not briefed him on how
416 differed from all the others, as a newly admitted standby prisoner.
"What are you, anyway, a philosophy major?" Carlo takes time to light his
cigarette and perhaps plan a new line of attack. "You been philosophizing since
you've been in here."
When one of the secretaries on today's Board recommends exercise as a form
of disciplinary action and 416 complains that he has been forced to undergo too
much exercise, Prescott curtly replies, "He looks like a strong fellow, I think exer-
cise would be ideal for him." He looks over at Curt and Jaffe to put that on their ac-
tion list.
Finally, when asked the loaded question—Would he be willing to forfeit all
the money he has earned as a prisoner if a parole were granted?—416 immedi-
ately and defiantly replies, "Yes, of course. Because I don't feel that the money is
worth the time."
The Power to Parole
147
Carlo has had enough of him. "Take him away." 416 then does exactly what
the others before him have done like automatons; without instruction he stands
up, arms outstretched to be handcuffed, head bagged, and escorted away from
these proceedings.
Curiously, he does not demand that the Board act now to terminate his role
as a reluctant student research volunteer. He doesn't want any money, so why
does he not simply say, "I quit this experiment. You must give me my clothes and
belongings, and I am out of here!"
This prisoner's first name is Clay, but he will not be molded easily by anyone;
he stands firmly by his principles and obstinately in the strategy he has advanced.
Nevertheless, he has become too embedded in his prisoner identity to do the
macroanalysis that should tell him he has now been given the keys to freedom by
insisting to the Parole Board that he must be allowed to quit here and now while
he is physically removed from the prison venue. However, he is now carrying that
venue within his head.
Addicts Are Easy Game
Prisoner Paul-5704, next at bat, immediately complains about how he's missing
the cigarette ration that he was promised for good behavior. His disciplinary
charges by the guards include "Constantly and grossly insubordinate, with flares
of violence and dark mood, and constantly tries to incite the other prisoners to in-
subordination and general uncooperativeness."
Prescott challenges his so-called good behavior, which will never get him an-
other cigarette again. The prisoner answers in such a barely audible voice that
Board members have to ask him to speak louder. When he is told that he acts
badly even when he knows it will mean punishment for other prisoners, he again
mumbles, staring toward the center of the table.
"We've discussed t h a t . . . well, if something happens, we're just going to fol-
low through with i t . . . if someone else was doing something, I'd go through pun-
ishment for them." A Board member interrupts, "Have you gone through
punishment for any of the other prisoners?" Paul-5704 responds yes, he has suf-
fered for his comrades.
Prescott loudly and mockingly declares, "You're a martyr, then, huh?"
"Well, I guess we all a r e . . . , " 5704 says, again barely audible.
"What have you got to say for yourself?" Prescott demands. 5704 responds,
but again it is unintelligible.
Recall that 5704, the tallest prisoner, had challenged many of the guards
openly and been the insider in various escape attempts, rumors, and barricades.
He was also the one who had written to his girlfriend expressing his pride at being
elected head of the Stanford County Jail Prisoners' Grievance Committee. Fur-
ther, it was this same 5704 who had volunteered for this experiment under false
pretenses. He signed up with the intention of being a spy who was going to expose
this research in articles he planned to write for several alternative, liberal, "un-
148 The Lucifer Effect
derground" newspapers, on the assumption that this experiment was no more
than a government-supported project for learning how to deal with political dissi-
dents. Where had all that former bravado gone? Why had he suddenly become in-
coherent?
Before us in this room sits a subdued, depressed young man. Prisoner 5704
simply stares downward, nodding answers to the questions posed by the Parole
Board, never making direct eye contact.
"Yes, I would be willing to give up any pay I've earned to get paroled now, sir,"
he answers as loudly as he can muster strength to do. (The tally is now yes from
five of the six prisoners.)
I wonder how that dynamic, passionate, revolutionary spirit, so admirable in
this young man, could have vanished so totally in such a short time?
As an aside, we later learned that it was Paul-5704 who had gotten so deeply
into his prisoner role that as the first part of his escape plan he had used his long,
hard, guitar-player fingernails to unscrew one of the electrical power plates from
the wall. He then used that plate to help remove the doorknob on his cell. He also
used those tough nails to mark on the wall of his cell the passage of days of his
confinement with notches next to M/ T /W/ Th/, so far.
A Puzzling, Powerful Prisoner
The next parole request comes from Prisoner Jerry-5486. He is even more puz-
zling than those who appeared earlier. He shows an upbeat style, a sense of being
able to cope quietly with whatever is coming his way. His physical robustness is in
stark contrast to that of Prisoner 416 or some of the other slim prisoners, like
Glenn-3401. Surely there is the sense that he will endure the full two weeks with-
out complaint. However, there is insincerity in his statements, and he has shown
little overt support for any of his comrades in distress. In a few minutes here,
5486 manages to antagonize Prescott as much as any other prisoner has. He an-
swers immediately that he would not be willing to give up the pay he's earned so
far in exchange for parole.
The guards report that 5486 does not deserve parole consideration because
"he made a joke out of letter writing, and for his general non-cooperation." When
asked to explain his action, Prisoner 5486 responds that "I knew it wasn't a legit-
imate letter . . . it didn't seem to be ..."
Guard Arnett, who has been standing aside silently observing the proceed-
ings, can't help but interrupt: "Did the correctional officers ask you to write the let-
ter?" 5486 responds affirmatively, as Guard Arnett continues, And you're saying
that the correctional officers asked you to write a letter that was not legitimate?"
5486 backtracks: "Well, maybe I chose the wrong word..."
But Arnett does not let up. He reads his report to the Board: "5486 has been
on a gradual downhill slide . . . he has become something of a jokester and minor
cutup."
The Power to Parole
149
"You find that funny?" Carlo challenges him.
"Everybody [in the room] was smiling. I wasn't smiling till they smiled,"
5486 replies defensively.
Carlo ominously interjects, "Everyone else can afford a smile—we're going
home tonight." Still, he attempts to be less confrontational than the day before,
and he asks a series of provocative questions: "If you were in my place, with the
evidence I have, along with the report from staff, what would you do? How would
you act? What would you do? What do you think is right for yourself?"
The prisoner answers evasively but never fully addresses those difficult ques-
tions. After a few more questions from the other members of the Board, an exas-
perated Prescott dismisses him: "I think we've seen enough, I think we know what
we need to do. I don't see any reason to waste our time."
The prisoner is surprised at being dismissed so abruptly. It is apparent to him
that he has created a bad impression on those he should have persuaded to sup-
port his cause—if not for this parole, then for the next time the Board meets. He
has not acted in his best interests at this time. Curt has the guard handcuff him,
place the bag over his head, and sit him on the bench in the hallway, awaiting the
disposition of the next and final case before the prisoners are hauled back down-
stairs to resume their prison life.
Sarge's Surface Tension
The final inmate for the Board to evaluate is "Sarge," Prisoner 2093, who, true to
type, sits upright in the high chair, chest out, head back, chin tucked in—a perfect
military posture if I have ever seen one. He requests parole so that he can put his
time "to more productive use," and he notes further that he has "followed all rules
from Day One." Unlike most of his peers, 2093 would not give up the pay in ex-
change for parole.
"Were I to give up the pay I have earned thus far, it would be an even greater
loss of five days of my life than it would have been otherwise." He adds that the
relatively small pay hardly compensates for the time he has served.
Prescott goes after him for not sounding "genuine," for having thought every-
thing out in advance, for not being spontaneous, for using words to disguise his
feelings. Sarge apologizes for giving that impression because he always means
what he says and tries hard to articulate clearly what he means. That softens
Carlo, who assures Sarge that he and the Board will consider his case very seri-
ously and then commends him for his good work in the prison.
Before ending the interview, Carlo asks Sarge why he didn't request parole
the first time it was offered to all prisoners. Sarge explains, "I would have re-
quested parole the first time only if not enough other prisoners requested it." He
felt that other prisoners were having a harder time in the prison than he was, and
he didn't want his request to be placed above another's. Carlo gently rebukes him
for this show of shining nobility, which he thinks is a crass attempt to influence
150
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