P u t t i n g the System on Trial
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wars, at all times, in every country, wars transform ordinary, even good men into
killers. That is what soldiers are trained to do, to kill their designated enemies.
However, under the extreme stresses of combat conditions, with fatigue, fear,
anger, hatred, and revenge at full throttle, men c a n lose their moral compass and
go beyond killing enemy combatants. Unless military discipline is strictly main-
tained and every soldier knows he bears personal responsibility for his actions,
which are under surveillance by senior officers, then the furies are released in
unimaginable orgies of rape and murder of civilians as well as enemy soldiers. We
know such loss was true at My Lai and in other less well-known military mas-
sacres, such as those of the "Tiger Force" in Vietnam. This elite fighting unit left a
seven-month-long trail of executions of unarmed civilians.
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Sadly, the brutality
of war that spills over from the battlefield to the hometown has become true again
in I r a q .
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Military experts warn that as soldiers have to fight more against elusive ene-
mies in asymmetrical warfare it will become increasingly difficult for them to
maintain discipline under such stresses. Wartime atrocities occur in all wars and
are committed by most occupying forces, even high tech ones. "Combat is about
stress, and criminal behavior toward civilians is a classic combat stress symptom.
If you get enough soldiers into enough combat, some of them are going to mur-
der civilians," according to a senior official at a Washington military think t a n k .
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We must acknowledge that soldiers are well-trained killers who have suc-
cessfully completed an intense learning experience in boot camp, with the battle-
field as their testing ground. They must learn to suppress their prior moral
training guided by the commandment "thou shalt not kill." New military training
that works to rewire their brains to accept killing in wartime as a natural response
is known as the science of "killology." This term, coined by retired lieutenant
colonel Dave Grossman, now a West Point professor of military science, is elabo-
rated in his book On Killing and in his website.
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However, sometimes the "science of creating killers" can get out of hand and
make murder become ordinary. Consider the reactions of a twenty-one-year-old
soldier who just killed a civilian in Iraq who refused to stop at a traffic check. "It
was like nothing. Over here, killing people is like squashing an ant. I mean, you
kill somebody, and it's like, All right, let's go get some pizza. I mean, I thought
killing somebody would be this life-changing experience. And then I did it, and it
was like, All right, whatever.' "
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On November 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 , a roadside bomb went off in the town of Haditha,
Iraq, killing a U.S. Marine and injuring two other soldiers. In the following hours,
fifteen Iraqi civilians are reported to have been killed by an improvised explosive
device, according to a Marine investigation. Case closed, as many Iraqis are killed
in this way almost every day. However, a townsperson (Taher Thabet) made a
videotape of the bullet-ridden bodies of the dead civilians and turned it over to the
Time magazine bureau in Baghdad. That prompted a more serious investigation
into the murders of twenty-four civilians by that Marine battalion. It appears that
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