Investigating Social D y n a m i c s
283
understanding." Jones went on to conclude, "You have been manipulated.
Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourselves."
Ron Jones got into trouble with the administration because the parents of the
rejected classmates complained about their children being harassed and threat-
ened by the new regime. Nevertheless, he concluded that many of these young-
sters had learned a vital lesson by personally experiencing the ease with which
their behavior could be so radically transformed by obeying a powerful authority
within the context of a fascistlike setting. In his later essay about the "experi-
ment," Jones noted that "In the four years I taught at Cubberly High School, no
one ever admitted to attending the Third Wave rally. It was something we all
wanted to forget." (After leaving the school a few years later, Jones began working
with special education students in San Francisco. A powerful docudrama of this
simulated Nazi experience, titled "The Wave," captured some of this transforma-
tion of good kids into pseudo Hitler Y o u t h .
3 5
)
Creating Little Elementary School Beasties: Brown Eyes Versus Blue Eyes
The power of authorities is demonstrated not only in the extent to which they c a n
command obedience from followers, but also in the extent to which they can de-
fine reality and alter habitual ways of thinking and acting. Case in point: Jane El-
liott, a popular third-grade schoolteacher in the small rural town of Riceville,
Iowa. Her challenge: how to teach white children from a small farm town with
few minorities about the meaning of "brotherhood" and "tolerance." She decided
to have them experience personally what it feels like to be an underdog and also
the top dog, either the victim or the perpetrator of prejudice.
3 6
This teacher arbitrarily designated one part of her class as superior to the
other part, which was inferior—based only on their eye color. She began by in-
forming her students that people with blue eyes were superior to those with
brown eyes and gave a variety of supporting "evidence" to illustrate this truth,
such as George Washington's having blue eyes and, closer to home, a student's fa-
ther (who, the student had complained, had hit him) having brown eyes.
Starting immediately, said Ms. Elliott, the children with blue eyes would be the
special "superior" ones and the brown-eyed ones would be the "inferior" group. The
allegedly more intelligent blue-eyes were given special privileges, while the inferior
brown-eyes had to obey rules that enforced their second-class status, including
wearing a collar that enabled others to recognize their lowly status from a distance.
The previously friendly blue-eyed kids refused to play with the bad "brown-
eyes," and they suggested that school officials should be notified that the
brown-eyes might steal things. Soon fistfights erupted during recess, and one
boy admitted hitting another "in the gut" because, "He called me brown-eyes,
like being a black person, like a Negro." Within one day, the brown-eyed children
began to do more poorly in their schoolwork and became depressed, sullen, and
angry. They described themselves as "sad," "bad," "stupid," and "mean."
284
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |