Abu Ghraib's Abuses and T o r t u r e s
337
Miller also insisted that the official name of the prison cease to be the Baghdad
Central Confinement Facility (BCCF) and return to its original designation, which
was still feared among the Iraqi population: Abu Ghraib Prison.
She also notes that Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez, the commander of
U.S. forces in Iraq, repeated the theme that General Miller had laid down about
prisoners and detainees being nothing more than "like dogs," and the need to get
tougher in dealing with them. In Karpinski's view, her superior officers, Generals
Miller and Sanchez, set a new agenda for dehumanization and torture at Abu
G h r a i b .
1 8
T H E P E R S O N : I'D LIKE T O I N T R O D U C E "CHIP" F R E D E R I C K
I first met Chip Frederick on September 3 0 , 2 0 0 4 , when his legal counsel, Gary
Myers, arranged for me to spend a day with him and his wife, Martha, in San Fran-
cisco. While we engaged in an in-depth, four-hour interview, Martha did a bit of
sightseeing, after which we had lunch at my home in Russian Hill. Since that time
I have had an active correspondence with Chip Frederick, and I have been in phone
and e-mail contact with Martha and with Chip's older sister, Mimi Frederick.
After having examined all of his records and all available reports about him,
I arranged to have a military clinical psychologist (Dr. Alvin Jones) conduct a full
psychological assessment of Frederick in September 2 0 0 4 .
1 9
I reviewed those
data as well as the independent blind evaluation of the MMPI testing that had
been done by an assessment expert. In addition, I administered a measure of psy-
chological burnout at the time of our interview, and an expert on job stress inde-
pendently evaluated its results. Let's start with some general background, add
some personal input from family and some of Frederick's recent self-evaluations,
and then review the formal psychological assessments.
Chip was thirty-seven years old at that time, the son of a seventy-seven-year-old
West Virginia coal miner father and a seventy-three-year-old homemaker mother.
He grew up in the small town of Mt. Lake Park, Maryland. He describes his
mother as very supportive and caring and his father as very good to him. One of
his favorite memories is working on vehicles in the garage alongside his father. His
older sister, Mimi, forty-eight, is a registered nurse. He married Martha in Vir-
ginia in June 1 9 9 9 ; they met when she was a trainer at the correctional facility
where he worked. He has become the stepfather of her two grown daughters.
All his life, Chip has attended Baptist Church services regularly, at least every
other Sunday. He considers himself a moral and spiritual person, even after his in-
volvement in the abuses at Abu Ghraib. Before going to Iraq, he attended the local
community college and went on to take courses at Allegheny College in Maryland
but did not finish his degree. He was an average-C student, never failed a course,
and liked to learn new skills. Chip, however, is more a jock than an intellectual; he
played basketball, baseball, football, and soccer in high school. As an adult, he
338
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