Bog'liq The Lucifer Effect Understanding How Good People Turn Evil ( PDFDrive )
2 5 2 The Lucifer Effect A Seeming Replication Failure in a TV Pseudoexperiment
An experiment was conducted for a BBC-TV show based on the SPE model. Its re-
sults challenged those of the SPE because the guards showed little violence or cru-
elty. Let's fast-forward to the end of the study and its remarkable conclusion: the
prisoners dominated the guards! The guards became "increasingly paranoid, de-
pressed and stressed and complained most of being bullied."
3 8
Repeat, not the
prisoners but the guards were distressed by their experiences in this reality TV
show. Several of the guards couldn't take it anymore and quit; none of the prison-
ers did so. The prisoners soon established the upper hand, working as a team to
undermine the guards; then everyone got together and decided to form a peaceful
"commune"—with the help of a labor union organizer! Our Lucifer Effect website
contains a critical analysis of this pseudoexperiment.
The SPE as a Warning Against Abuse of Power
Two of the unexpected uses of our research have been in women's shelters and in
the Navy's Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) program. Directors
of a number of shelters for abused women have informed me that they use our
Quiet Rage video to illustrate the ease with which masculine power can become
abusive and destructive. Seeing the film and discussing its implications helps
abused women not to blame themselves for their abuse but to better understand
the situational factors that transformed their once loving mates into such abus-
ing criminals. The experiment has also become absorbed into some versions of
feminist theory of gender relations based on power.
Every branch of the military has a version of the SERE program. It was devel-
oped after the Korean War to teach those captured by the enemy how to with-
stand and resist extreme forms of coercive interrogation and abuse. Central to the
training is the psychological and physical hardship trainees experience for days
within a mock prisoner-of-war camp. This intense, grueling simulation prepares
them to better cope with the terrors they might face if they are captured and tor-
tured.
I have been informed by several sources in the Navy that the SPE's message of
the ease with which command power can become excessive has been made ex-
plicit in its training through using both our video and our website. This serves to
warn the SERE trainer-captors against the impulse to "go over the top" in abusing
their "captives." So one use of the SPE is to guide training in "guard" restraint in
a setting that gives permission for guards to abuse others "for their own eventual
good."
On the other hand, the SERE program, as practiced by the Army at Fort
Bragg, North Carolina, has been indicted by a number of critics as now being mis-
used by the Pentagon. They argue that top officials have "flipped the switch" from
focusing on ways to increase resistance by captured American soldiers to develop-