MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
55
Table 7.8: SNR statistics of Kumpuvaara and Singerjärvi sites
SNR Statistics
Kumpuvaara site
Singerjärvi site
Minimum (dB)
-9.7
-10.7
Maximum (dB)
24
26.3
Mean (dB)
8.4
12.6
Median (dB)
9.7
16.3
Standard Deviation (dB)
8.1
8.5
Figure 7.20
and Table 7.8 show the SNR distribution for both of the test sites along the
measurement route from Singerjärvi towards Kumpuvaara. The sites are dominant in
different measurement routes. Referring to Figure 7.18
it is clear that signal from
Kumpuvaara site prevails mostly in the route east from the site while Singerjärvi site is
dominant in all three directions except west of the site.
The maximum SNR observed for Kumpuvaara site was 24 dB while for Singerjärvi site
was 26.3 dB. The mean SNR for Singerjärvi site is higher than Kumpuvaara site by
around 4 dB. Half of measurement data for Singerjärvi has SNR above 16.3 dB while
half of measurement data for Kumpuvaara has SNR above 9.7 dB. Standard deviation
for both of the measurement cases is higher which indicates a big fluctuation in SNR.
High SNR for both sites was seen at the proximity of the sites which is an obvious case
because the signal level near the site is high and dominates the noise and interference.
Poor SNR was observed in places where the Line of Sight (LOS) was not possible with
the serving site due to hills and forest. Singerjärvi has a mean SNR of 12.6 dB while
Kumpuvaara has 8.4 dB which shows that Singerjärvi offers a better radio condition and
signal level compared to Kumpuvaara. Interestingly however, the standard deviation for
both sites is around 8 dB indicating a huge fluctuation in SNR. Figure 7.18
shows that
there are regions of good SNR as well as the regions with poor SNR throughout the
measurement route.
SINR or SNR (in present case) at the cell edge for RAT with frequency reuse factor N
=1 is worse. Every cell acts as an interferer to the neighboring cells resulting in no dom-
inant server condition mostly at the cell edge where composite signal level is high but
SINR from any cell is poor due to the interference. Also in a vehicular environment, cell
edge SINR can worsen due to handover dragging effect. When a UE moves across cell
edge before handover completion, it is served by the original cell which has become
second or third best serving cell. UE will still not be served by the best cell until the
handover is successful. Handover trigger condition A3 (refer to Section 4.4) specifies
that RSRP of new cell should be better than RSRP of serving cell with a hysteresis mar-
gin for a time period defined as time-to-trigger. Hence with the RSRP and time margins
beyond the handover point, a UE could be served by a second best cell with poorer
SINR. [29]
MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
56
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