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4.3.1.2
S1 based handover
S1 based handover is preferred when the X2 based handover cannot be performed. The
possible reasons for this could be:
• MME and/or S-GW needs to be relocated.
• X2 interface becomes unavailable during the handover for some reason.
• Error indication from target eNodeB after an unsuccessful X2 based handover.
To show the complete scenario, it is assumed that the serving and target eNodeBs be-
long to separate MME and S-GW. eNodeB communicates with the MME via S1 inter-
face and MME connects with S-GW via S10 interface.
If either of above mentioned conditions is fulfilled, the serving eNodeB opts for the S1
based handover. Figure 4.6 shows the procedure following the S1 based handover. Serv-
ing eNodeB sends the S1AP handover request message to the source MME upon the
handover decision made at the serving eNodeB and the indication that the direct for-
warding is not possible. The message also uniquely identifies the UE to be processed for
handover. Serving MME sends the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) forward relocation
request message to the target MME over the S10 interface.
Since the S-GW for serving and target MME is different, the target MME sends the
GTP create session request message to the target S-GW. The target S-GW responds by
replying with GTP create session response message. Target MME initiates the Hando-
ver process at the E-UTRAN by sending the handover request in S1AP interface. Target
MME now sends the handover request to the target eNodeB. Target eNodeB replies
with handover request acknowledgement in confirmation.
After the handover process set with the target MME and eNodeB, the target MME re-
sponds to relocation request of serving MME by sending the S1AP Handover Response
Message. Serving MME now sends the handover command to the serving eNodeB.
Serving eNodeB now prepares to handover the UE to the target MME by performing the
status transfer. The serving eNodeB now detaches from the UE and the UE now starts to
synchronize with the new target eNodeB.
UE confirms the attach process with new eNodeB by sending the handover confirm
message. Target eNodeB sends the S1AP Handover Notify to the target MME to inform
that the UE has attached to it. Target MME sends the GTP modify bearer request mes-
sage to the target S-GW and it replies with the GTP modify bearer response message.
Serving MME requests serving eNodeB to release the radio resources and delete all the
UE Contexts. It also requests the serving S-GW to delete all the EPS bearers associated
with that UE. [15]
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