LoRa Communications as an Enabler for Internet of Drones towards Large-Scale Livestock Monitoring in Rural Farms

Figure 7. 

Flowchart of enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm. 

Figure 7.

Flowchart of enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm.

According to [

68

], the optimal values for the above parameters are

φ

1

=

φ

1

=

2.05,

w

=

0.7298, and

c

1

=

c

2

=

1.4962.

Figure

8

depicts how the utilized mutation operators operate. The swap operator

exchanges the places of two randomly chosen nodes. The reversion operator exchanges the

places of all nodes in a randomly selected range. The insertion operator moves a randomly

---

Sensors

2021

,

21

, 5044

14 of 27

chosen node to another random place. Figure

9

presents the pseudocode of the utilized

mutation operators.

Sensors 

2021

, 

21

, x FOR PEER REVIEW 

14 of 27