Lithium Harvesting from the Most Abundant Primary and Secondary Sources: a comparative Study on Conventional and Membrane Technologies

Document Outline

• Introduction 
• Methodologies for Liquid-Based Lithium Harvesting and Their Environmental Impacts 
• Lithium Recovery from Brines/Seawater 
  • Conventional Methods 
    • Precipitation 
    • Solvent Extraction 
    • Adsorption 
  • Membrane-Based Separation Processes 
    • Nanofiltration 
    • Membrane Solvent Extraction 
    • Membrane Adsorption 
    • Membrane Electrodialysis 
• Lithium Recovery from Lithium-Ion Battery 
  • Conventional Methods 
    • Pretreatment Process 
    • Metal Extraction Process 
  • Membrane Processes 
• Conclusions and Future Outlook 
• References