ISSN:
2776-1010
Volume 2, Issue 5, May, 2021
274
1. Vocabulary and lacunae without alternatives. In any language or dialect, there will be words that
cannot be translated into one language by another. Such words are called lexicons without alternatives:
like pilaf, patir, surpa, doppi. Where a word in one language cannot find an alternative in another, a
lacuna always occurs. Lacuna (lat. Lacuna - space, depth) is a space in which no alternative word is
found in the translation.
For example, in addition to the word lawyer, which means lawyer, there are
words such as attorney "representative", barrister "supreme court lawyers", solicitor "lawyer advising
organizations", counsel "lower court lawyer", counselor "consultant". In Uzbek and Russian there is
only one alternative to the above.
2. Mythological language units. These are archetypes, mythologies, customs and legends, customs and
traditions.
3. The paremiological fund of language. This includes proverbs and sayings. For example,
Ме
ҳ
мон
келар эшикдан, риз
қ
и келар тешикдан
(the guest comes from the door, the food comes from the
hole)
4. Phraseological fund of language. For example, stretching your legs towards the bed.
5. Parables, symbols, stereotypes. For example, meekness like a sheep, a cross, the order of the
Germans, the hospitality of the Uzbeks, the stubbornness of the Kazakhs.
6. Metaphors and images. Image is an important linguistic essence that provides basic information
about the connection between words and culture. Imagery is a real feature of language units that creates
in our minds the ability to embody “pictures”.
7. The stylistic layer of languages. The existence of an interaction between literary language and non-
literary language forms influences all stages of development of the cultural history of a society.
8. Verbal communication.
9. Speech etiquette. Rules of social and cultural speech in human relations.
It is understood that in linguoculturology special units related to the expression of folk culture,
traditions and customs, folk mentality, expression of national consciousness are studied. In the
semantics of linguocultural units is characterized by the reflection of national and cultural features of a
particular nation, connected with the customs and traditions, culture, national way of thinking, history,
way of life, economic environment.
In particular, in Uzbek folk expressions, generalized conclusions are expressed, that is to say
conclusions are drawn about the events of life and the behavior of certain individuals. Phrases, with
their expressiveness, are closer to a linguistic phenomenon than an article. In the expressions,
nationalism, having national significance, is more prominent.
In particular, let’s see the expressions in which the eye etalon is involved. G. Kobiljanova notes that the
eye etalon has the following semantics: a) mucha; b) located in the shell; c) round; g) the seer (in contact
with the outside world). The phrase contains occasional semas of the eye etalon.
The phrase "one’s eyes are open" is an Uzbek expression used to describe a person who dies without a
child or a child. So, there is a sense of youth in the loss of eyesight, such an expression is typical of the
Uzbek people.
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