Adelia Damayanti, Achmad Munjid | The Significance of the Hero’s Journey
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Lexicon
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/lexicon
Volume 7, Number 2 (October 2020)
Pages 233-244
https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v7i2.66179
The Significance of the Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character
Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s
Siddhartha
Adelia Damayanti, Achmad Munjid*
English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: munjid@ugm.ac.id
This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s
novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his
journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey
by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages
of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage
Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a
greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an
individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge
to someone who is flexible.
Keywords:
hero’s journey, character development, enlightenment, Siddharta
.
Siddhartha
is a classic novel written by a legendary
German author and the 1946 Nobel Prize winner,
Herman Hesse. It is about a fictional character named
Siddhartha who is seeking enlightenment.
Siddhartha is considered a hero since he is respected
because of his fine quality and bravery. As Stevanovic
(2008) argued in her journal, the word “hero” stands
for a great and brave warrior who is ready to give his
life to gain immortal glory.
Therefore, Joseph Campbell’s theory of the
hero’s journey (2004) will be used in this paper to
analyze how Siddhatha’s character develops during
his hero journey with the help of the threshold
guardians or the other characters that he encounters
during the journey. Siddhartha changes from a young
man who was always thirsty for knowledge and very
individualistic to someone who could reach the
greatest wisdom for life. Using Campbell’s theory
about the pattern of the hero's journey, the present
research addresses the following two questions:
1.
How far Siddharta's character development
proceeds in accordance with hero's journey
theory?
2.
How does Siddhartha’s character develop
through the journey?
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
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LEXICON, Volume 7, Number 2, October 2020
Many studies on Herman Hesse’s
Siddhartha
have been done previously. Halim (2006) compared
two of Hesse’s works and focused on the character
and characterization of each main character in the
chosen novels. She examined how both characters
are dissatisfied with their lives and how they try to
look for who they truly are. The result showed that
the self-actualization can be reached through the
process and strong will. Halim (2006) also
highlighted that the recognition of it appears within
oneself, and no one could know other than oneself.
Another study by Nugroho (2010) focused on
the plot of Herman Hesse’s
Siddhartha
and how it
becomes a symbol of Siddhartha’s spiritual quest. He
used Individualism theory by Carl Gustav Jung. He
argued that to reach his/her goal, someone had to
accomplish a process of knowing to know, giving
expression to, and harmonizing the various
components of the psyche. The result shows that,
after analyzing the plot using the Individualism
theory, Nugroho concluded that there is a hidden
plot lying underneath the actual plot. It is a spiritual
quest that has a different flow with the plot. He
stated that the plot goes smoothly chronologically
linear. Yet the spiritual quest goes in an upward
spiral or has repetition (Nughroho, 2010).
Permadi (2010) investigated Siddhartha’s
religious experiences. The formalistic approach was
adopted to identify the characters and plot of the
story. He analyzed the work by looking for the
transformation from the wretchedness to the
transcendence of the main character to find out the
result of the religious journey/experience. The result
showed that the transformation happened two times,
after Siddhartha experienced the worldly pleasure in
a small city across the river and when he could not
get the love from his only son. Permadi (2000) argued
that the transformation occurred from Siddhartha’s
inner-self and obtained after he mastered the self-
knowledge of himself.
Further, Lee (2016) examined three of Hesse’s
best works:
Siddhartha, Demian
and
Steppenwolf
.
She found that there was a similarity in the three
works. They represented a blueprint of ideal paths to
personal enlightenment through common themes
that flow through his works (Lee, 2006). Lee (2006)
argued that the ideal path to reach enlightenment is
by going through three stages: Breaking out, creation
and destruction, and Jungian archetypes. The result
shows that the three works share the same motive
which is to find out who they truly are. In the end,
they reach their very own ‘enlightenment’. As Lee
(2006) explained, there is not a single path, everyone
must journey down to find enlightenment, there are
key steps, and clues of a sort, to help guide anyone to
enlightenment. Lee (2006) also stated that, for the
readers, those motives could be led to find a little
peace of mind, inspired by Hesse’s writings.
These studies tend to focus on Siddhartha’s
internal conflict and spiritual experiences. The
present research focus instead on the hero’s journey
and the roles other characters play in assissting
Siddhartha to reach his enlightenment as a hero.
The present research applies the objective approach
suggested by M. H. Abrams and hero’s journey
theory proposed by Campbell. The objective
approach focuses only on the intrinsic elements of
the book (Abrams, 1953). The approach is used to
narrow the study; to identify and analyze
Siddhartha's character development and
achievements during his journey as a hero. We focus
on the plot, character, and characterization of the
novel Siddhartha. The objective approach was
chosen for the study to find out and analyze
Besides, it also applies Campbell’s (Campbell,
2004) hero’s journey. Campbell (2004) divided
specific key steps/formulas in a hero's journey into
three big patterns with seventeen stages in total
(Campbell, 2004).
Departure
It is the beginning part that leads the hero to a
journey ahead. The first pattern includes the call to
adventure, refusal to the call, supernatural aid, the
crossing of the first threshold, and the belly of the
whale. Before the call arrives, the hero lives in an
ordinary world. The call forces him to leave his
current world and to enter a darker place that
involves dangers. Some heroes will refuse the call,
LITERATURE REVIEW
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Adelia Damayanti, Achmad Munjid | The Significance of the Hero’s Journey
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and some will not. For one who takes the call, he
later will meet a mentor that accompanies and give
him protection on the first stages of the journey.
After that, the hero will encounter a threshold
guardian (Campbell, 2004). The hero will learn a lot
from the guardian that they will feel like being
reborn after the hero passed or defeated them. The
hero then reached another state of being and ready
to begin his real journey.
Initiation
The second part is the main part of the journey. This
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