Lexical-semantic relations in assimilated words

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN ASSIMILATED WORDS

It is known that as language develops along with the life of society, the socio-political, spiritual and enlightenment changes taking place today require the study of the spiritual relations of words in our lexicon.

At a time when language is considered as a system today, the question of the spiritual relationship of linguistic units in linguistics, their mutual similarities and differences, is of interest to many linguists. Until the 40s and 90s of the last century, inter-verbal spiritual relations were limited to synonyms and antonyms. Subsequent observations based on the method of system analysis revealed that the spiritual relations in our language are diverse, and their types such as graduonymy, hyponymia, partonymy, functionalism, hierarchyonymy were also distinguished. Accordingly, distinguishing a series of words that are graded by synonyms is also a requirement for students today.

The semantic semantics of a lexical semantics is an inter-lexemal relationship in which the noun and function semantics are the same, the expression semantics are different, representing a kind of thing-object, character-feature, action-state. Rankings are lexemes in which common noun semantics are the same, but represent different levels of a particular semantics. Furthermore, the second difference between semantics and hierarchy is that if the lexemes in the semantic series are distinguished by reciprocal expression semantics, this is not a condition in the ranking series. Sh. Orifjonova, a scholar of linguistics, emphasizes that the lexical paradigm in graduonyms is united around a leader (dominant), noting that the meaning of the words "window" and "gate" opens relative to the leading word "door" and includes them in the list of hierarchical words.

Lexical units exist in language by forming different paradigms based on different semantic relationships. Synonymic, antonymic, graduonymic, partonymic, hyponymic relations are such linguistic relations. Synonymy, which is one of them, is one of the relations that shows the diversity and richness of language.

Lexemes that are different in form but represent the same concept with different colors and shades are synonyms. The relationship between synonymous lexemes is called a synonymous or synonymous relationship.

Park [ingl. park

The zoo lexeme has a compound lexical nature in the form of an etymological zoo + park as an English assimilation, which is synonymous with the zoo lexeme.

The noun and function semantics in the semantics of synonymous lexemes are exactly the same, and the expression semantics are different. An example is the face-face-aft-face-turk line. In all of these lexemes in the semantic series, the noun semantics are the same: "the front of the human head," "from forehead to chin." But expression semantics are unique to each lexeme. Rather, “personal attitude” was manifested differently in each lexeme. It appears in the face lexeme as ‘personal neutral attitude’, while in the Turkish lexeme as ‘very strong personal negative attitude’.

The expressive semantics of lexemes in the semantic series are diverse. Some of them are:

1) positive or negative evaluation or attitude semaphores;

2) semantics indicating the period of use of the lexeme: "obsolete", "new", "very new", "archaic", "historical".

3) semantics indicating the scope of the lexeme: "dialectal", "speech-specific", "biblical", "uplifting" and others.

One of the lexemes in the semantic series is the dominant (head) lexeme, while the others merge around this lexeme, forming a semantic circle. All of the expression semantics listed above for a dominant lexeme are neutral.

The dominant lexeme in the semantic series has several distinctive features:

1. The content of a dominant lexeme is “poorer” than that of other lexemes. Let's compare: beautiful, beautiful and beautiful. The beautiful lexeme in this line has no uplifting color in the beautiful and beautiful lexeme.

2. The scope and amount of use of the dominant lexeme is wider and more extensive than that of other synonyms.

3. A dominant lexeme can replace its synonyms at any time because it has an undefined expression semaphore.

4. Only the dominant lexeme belongs to the large system to which the semantic series belongs. For example, the lexical-spiritual group “members of the human body” includes the hundred dominant lexemes, forming a paradigm with the lexemes of ear, nose, lip, eyebrow, and forehead. Other semantic expressive lexemes cannot enter the higher paradigm because they are not ‘neutral’, and their neutral representative can only have this right.

The English-derived business lexeme is in the Uzbek Explanatory Dictionary [ingl. businnes - work, occupation] any organizational, economic activity that generates income, is for profit and does not contradict the law. The use of this lexeme after independence intensified. In turn, the business lexeme is synonymous with the business lexeme due to its polysemantic nature, while the business lexeme is synonymous with the polysemantic feature. Accordingly, the trader, who is considered an English compound word [visual. businnessman - a person engaged in business], business, has the property of free exchange in many cases with the lexemes of entrepreneur.

Blockade [blockade– siege; siege] is a military term, which in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek language" means the siege of some or all of the territory occupied by the enemy. Its siege, which is typical of the old biblical style, can also be observed in its meaning with the words siege, siege.

The paradigm of meaning is always open. Society, on the basis of the demands of the times, will get rid of the unnecessary and become richer with a number of new ones. The lines of semantics in speech are filled and expanded by the noun units of speech, phrases, types of independent lexeme semantics, artificial words, phrases, spoken portable words. As contextual synonyms, they are an invaluable tool for ensuring the beauty and richness of speech.

After independence, the assimilation of our language, especially English words, increased, and the use of some of them became more active. Broker [ingl. The lexeme broker - broker, broker] is in our dictionary in the sense of an individual or firm that mediates (brokers) in the conclusion of transactions in commodity, currency, trade exchanges. It is also natural that he acquires meaning with the lexemes of broker, mediator.

Detective [ingl. detective

Goalkeeper [ingl. goal-keeper is synonymous with the goalkeeper lexeme in games such as football and hockey.

Dispatcher [ingl. dispatch and is used in the sense of a manager, while in the figurative sense the dispatcher forms a synonymous series of organizers.

The relationship of synonymy and ambiguity is also characteristic. A polysemous word can be in a different synonymous sequence with each meaning.

If we pay attention to the materials of self and assimilation layers in the Uzbek language, we observe that synonyms appear in the language in the following ways:

- as a result of the transition from one language to another: forehead, forehead; power, strength; spy, agent;

- as a result of speaking local dialects: doppi, kalaposh; calf, goose;

- to form a synonym by word formation, that is, an artificial word with a root word: feeling, intuition; question, interrogation; task, assignment;

- with the acquisition of a new meaning of the word: the word place in the sense of place and position.

The lexeme gangster [ingl.gangster - bandit] is synonymous with the lexemes of aggressor, bandit, in the sense of a member of an organized criminal group.

Zombie [ingl. zombie (e)

The lexical structure of language is constantly evolving in relation to the political, cultural and spiritual life of society. Dictionaries are also created in accordance with the political and spiritual views of society. Comparing the explanations of business, farmer, and merchant lexemes in the old and new edition of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language, it is clear that in the new edition of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language, these units are expressed objectively and in a new way.

Since a polysemantic phenomenon is a product of the speech process, the “fruit” of the assimilated words depends on its different meanings in the speech process. For example, in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek language" English words have 5 meanings of block lexeme, 3 meanings of block lexeme, 2 meanings of detective, standard lexemes of noun and adjective category, 2 meanings of design lexeme, 3 meanings of innovation lexeme, 3 meanings of college lexeme. 3 meanings of monitor lexeme, 4 meanings of park lexeme, 3 meanings of rating lexeme, 4 meanings of terminal lexeme, 2 meanings of test lexeme, 3 meanings of hacker lexeme are explained. The ambiguity of such assimilations can be enumerated in many ways. It seems that the history of the acquisition of English lexemes does not go back a long time, but it can be said that the lexicon of the Uzbek language has already found its way to development.