Lexical problems in translation


Ways of Rendering Non-Equivalents



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Ways of Rendering Non-Equivalents

  • direct borrowing (transliteration or transcription): impeachment - импичмент, thane - тан, mayor - мэр, know-how - ноу-хау.
  • translation loans. House of Commons - Палата общин, backbencher - заднескамеечник, brain-drain - утечка мозгов.
  • 3) descriptive or interpreting translation. Landslide - победа на выборах с огромным перевесом голосов, a stringer (Am.) - частично занятый корреспондент, труд которого оплачивается из расчета количества слов, wishful thinking – принимание желаемого за действительное.

Ways of Rendering Non-Equivalents

  • The action of Congress and of North Carolina and Tennessee statesmen, aided by gifts of wise conservationists, have set this land aside as a Great Smoky National Park. (National Geographic, 1964).
  • Эта местность на берегу реки Смоуки-хилл была превращена в Национальный парк благодаря усилиям Конгресса и государственный деятелей штатов Северная Каролина и Теннеси, а также благодаря пожертвованиям любителей природы, понимающих важность ее сохранения.

RENDERING OF EMOTIVE AND STYLISTIC MEANINGS

  • Translation of words with emotive meaning
  • Emotive meaning may be regarded as one of the objective semantic features proper to words as linguistic units and should not be confused with contextual emotive meaning that words may acquire in speech.
  • Emotive meaning varies in different word classes. In some of them, for example, in interjections, the emotive element prevails whereas in function words it is practically non-existent.

RENDERING OF EMOTIVE AND STYLISTIC MEANINGS

  • The emotive meaning is based on connotations - positive, negative or neutral. Russian is rich in emotive suffixes whose meaning is rendered by using additional lexical items
  • e.g. домишко - small, wretched house
  • or different lexemes
  • cf.: дом - house, домишко -hovel.

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