Lesson 16. Anatomy of Digestive System

LESSON 16.
Anatomy of Digestive System
Do the tasks in written form and send it to your English teacher in PDF. Don’t forget to write your name on the top of your work!


Exercise 1.Read and translate the text :
Text E. The Alimentary Tract
The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8,5m. (metres) in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.
The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste (ta’m bilish). The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity. From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm in length, 8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 litres.
The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the lower and central portions of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The liver is in the right side of the abdomen. The weight of the liver is 1,500 gr.
The gallbladder is a hollow sac (qopcha) lying on the lower surface of the liver.
The pancreas is a long thin gland lying under and behind the stomach.
Exercise 2. Write new words and make your own sentences with them(at least 10 sentences):
membraneous[ mɛmˈbreɪnjəs  ] - membranali
duodenum [ˌdju(ː)əʊˈdiːnəm ]-o’n ikki barmoqli ichak
anus[ ˈeɪnəs ] – orqa peshov
jejunum [ ʤɪˈʤuːnəm  ]- och ichak
pharynx[ ˈfærɪŋks  ] – xalqum
ileum[ ˈɪlɪəm ] – yonbosh ichak
esophagus[ i(ː)ˈsɒfəgəs ] – qizilo’ngach
caecum [ˈsiːkəm ]– ko’r ichak
pancreas[ ˈpæŋkrɪəs ] – oshqozon osti bezi
colon [ ˈkəʊlən ]– chambar ichak
gland[glænd ] –bez
rectum [ ˈrɛktəm ]– to’g’ri ichak
salivary[ ˈsælɪvəri  ] – so’lakli
alimentary [ˌælɪˈmɛntəri  ] ovqat xazm qilishga oid
palate[ ˈpælɪt ] – tanglay; soft palate[ sɒft ˈpælɪt ] – yumshoq tanglay;
hard palate[ hɑːd ˈpælɪt ]-qattiq tanglay
mouth [maʊθ ]– og’iz stomach[ˈstʌmək ] – oshqozon, qorin
also [ ˈɔːlsəʊ ]- ham
intestine [ ɪnˈtɛstɪn ]– ichak; small intestine[smɔːl ɪnˈtɛstɪn ] – ingichka ichak
large intestine[ lɑːʤ ɪnˈtɛstɪn ] – yo’g’on ichak
food [ fuːd ]- ovqat through [ θruː ] - orqali
portion [ ˈpɔːʃən ]- qism, bo’lak
gallbladder – [ˈgɔːlˌblædə ]o’t pufagi
measure [ˈmɛʒə ] – o’lchov, o’lchamoq
important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt ]– muhim
tube [tjuːb  ]– truba, naycha
tongue [tʌŋ ]– til ; coated tongue – oqargan til
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences:
the lower portion of the stomach; let me see your tongue; the intestines are in the abdominal cavity; to measure the length of the bone; the tongue was coated

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences:
1. The soft palate is a continuation of the soft tissues covering the hard palate. 2. The small intestine composed of three main portions is a thin-walled muscular tube. 3. The weight of the largest of the salivary glands is 28 gr. 4. The liver consists of small lobules (bo’lakcha) connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves. 5. The duodenum is called so because its length measures about the length of twelve fingers. 6. The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat