Lesson 1 The Noun (Ot)

3. Agar ot“Y “harfiga tugasa:
A) “unli + y= -s” Agar –y harfidan oldin unli harf kelsa -s qo’shamiz:
Chimney- chimneys (mo’ri)
Cowboy- cowboys
day- days (kun)
way-ways(usul)
donkey- donkeys (eshak)
monkey- monkeys(maymun)
toy- toys(o’yinchoq)
valley valleys(dala)
B)undosh+y=-es [y+es=ies] Agar –y harfidan oldin undosh harf kelsa y- i ga o’zgaradi va –es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi:
Baby- babies (chaqaloq)
Cherry- cherries(chiya)
Diary- diaries (kundalik)
Dictionary- dictionaries(lug’at)
Fairy- fairies(farishta)
Family- families(oila)
Fly- flies(pashsha)
Lady- ladies(xonim)
Library- libraries(kutubxona)


4. Agar ot -f harfiga tugasa:
A) –f+ es = ves
–fe + s = ves
e.g.leaf - leaves (yaproq)
wolf - wolves (bo’ri)
wife - wives (xotin)
knife - knives (pichoq)


B) Istisno: “-f + S”

1. 
   roof - roofs (tom)
   
2. 
   cliff - cliffs (tik qoya)
   
3. 
   giraffe - giraffes (jirafa)
   
4. 
   chief - chiefs (boshliq)
   
5. 
   chef-chefs(povar)
   
6. 
   handkierchief-handkierchiefs(ro’molcha)
   
7. 
   sheriff-sheriffs
   
8. 
   belief-beliefs (e’tiqod)
   
9. 
   safe- safes (seyf)
   

C)Ikkalasini ham oladiganlar:
Scarf – scarfs – scarves
Wharf –wharfs – wharves (bandargoh)
5. Quyidagi so’zlarning ko’pligi o’zakni o’zgartirish bilan yasaladi.
Birlik Ko’plik

1. 
   man (kishi) men
   
2. 
   woman (ayol) women
   
3. 
   foot (oyoq) feet
   
4. 
   goose (g’oz) geese
   
5. 
   mouse (sichqon) mice
   
6. 
   louse (bit) lice
   
7. 
   tooth (tish) teeth
   

8. Ox (ho’kiz) Oxen
9. Child (bola) children


6. Grek va lotin tilidan kirib kelgan so’zlar:
1.Datum - data (berilgan kattalik, ma’lumot) 2.Addendum- addenda (qo’shimcha) 3.Erratum- errata (xato) 4.Memorandum- memoranda (bitim, shartnoma ) 5.Phenomenon - phenomina (ko’rinish, voqea) 6.Basis- bases(asos) 7.Crises- crises(inqiroz)
8.Index- indices/indexes (ko’rsatkich)
9.Criterion- criteria(o’lchov, mezon)
10.Fungus- fungi (zamburug’, qo’ziqorin)
11.Nucleus-nuclei(o’zak, yadro, hujayra)
12.Stimulus- stimuli (rag’batlantiruvchi omil0
13.Vertebra-vertebrai(umurtqa pog’onasi)
14.Analysis- analyses(tahlil)
15.Hypothesis- hypotheses(faraz)
16.Oasis- oases(voha, vodiy)
17.Parenthesis- parentheses(kirish so’z)
18.Thesis- theses(dissertatsiya, asosiy fikr)
19.Bacterium- bacteria
20.Curriculum- curricula(O’quv kursi)
21.Medium- media(usul, yo’l)
22.Syllabus- syllabi/ syllabuses (bo’g’in)
23.Formula- formulae/ formulas
24.Appendix- appendices/ appendixes(ilova)
25.Antenna – antennae/antennas
26.Terminus– terminuses(so’nggi bekat, manzil)
27.cactus– cacti
28.radius – radii


8.Ko’pligi ham birligi ham bir xil yasaladigan otlar:

1. 
   sheep – sheep (qo’y)
   
2. 
   swine- swine (cho’chqa)
   
3. 
   fish – fish (baliq)
   
4. 
   deer – deer (ohu)
   
5. 
   reindeer- reindeer(bug’i)
   
6. 
   bison-bison
   
7. 
   offspring-offspring (avlod)
   
8. 
   shrimp-shrimp (qisqichbaqa)
   
9. 
   cod –cod (treska)
   
10. 
    trout –trout (xonbaliq)
    
11. 
    pike – pike (laqqa)
    
12. 
    salmon – salmon (losos)
    
13. 
    snipe – snipe (loyxo’rak)
    
14. 
    grouse –grouse (shotland kakligi)
    

15. spacecraft- spacecraft(raketa)
16. hovercraft- hovercraft
17. aircraft-aircraft (samolyot)
18. crossroads-crossroads (chorraxa)
19. works-works (zavod, zavodlar)
20. means-means (vosita,vositalar)
21. series-series(qator)
22. species-species (tur)