Lesson 1 Grammar

example prefix meaning translation abnormal ab- cheklab qo‘ymoq g‘ayritabiy, buzuq antibody anti- qarshi antitelo autoload auto- avto-, o‘z- avtozagruzka binary bi- ikki ikki o‘lchamli coroutine co- bilan, birgalikda, hamkorlikda- programma yordamida counteract counter- qarshi qarshilik qilmoq contradict contra- qarshi qarshi chiqmoq, e’tiroz qilmoq decompose de- teskari ta’sir qilmoq ajratmoq, taqsimlamoq disable dis- inkor qilish bloklash, o‘chirmoq enable en- biror bir holatga olib kelish blokni ochish, ulash external ex- tashqi tashqi ex-president ex- sobiq sobiq prezident extraordinary extra- ortiq, tashqarida ajoyib illegal il- inkorlik qonunsiz impossible im- emas- mumkin bo‘lmagan implicate im- ichkariga jalb qilmoq indirect in- - da ich, - emas bilvosita, egri, bevosita international inter- orasida, o‘rtasida xalqaro

Exercise 1. Berilgan so‘zlarni teskari ma’nosini anglatuvchisini toping.

1. 
   Effect – 1. effectless; 2. effective; 3. effectiveness; 4. effectively
   
2. 
   Stop – 1. stopper; 2. stoppage; 3. non-stop; 4. stopping
   
3. 
   Equal – 1. equality; 2. unequal; 3. equalize; 4. equally
   
4. 
   Form – 1. formation; 2. formalize; 3. formative; 4. deform
   
5. 
   Mobile – 1. mobility; 2. mobilization; 3. mobilize; 4. immobile
   
6. 
   Regular – 1. regularity; 2. irregular; 3. regularly; 4. regulation
   
7. 
   Home – 1. homeless; 2. homely; 3. homing; 4. homelessness
   

Exercise 2. Teskari ma’noni anglatuvchi sifatlarni yasang va tarjima qiling.
un – necessary, known, clear, impressive, interesting, popular, usual, professional
in – convenient, attentive, active, formal, experienced
im – possible, passive, personal, polite, perfect, moral, modest
ir – responsible, regular, rational


Exercise 3. Suffikslar va prefikslarga e’tibor bering, so‘zlarni tarjima qiling.
process, processing, processor, processed, unprocessed (ishlab tayyorlash)
memory, memorize, memorial, memorable, memorability, immemorial (xotira)
support, supporter, supporting (qo‘llab - quvvatlash)
control, controllable, controller, non-controllable (boshqarish)
specify, specification, specificator, specifier (ta’riflamoq)
compare, comparison, comparative, comparatively, comparable (solishtirmoq)
transfer, transferable, transferability, transferee, transferor (uzatmoq, ko‘chirmoq)
differ, different, differentiate, difference, differential, indifferent (farqlamoq)
similar, similarity, similarly (o‘xshash)
access, accessibility, accessible, accessor, non-accessible (foydalanishga ega bo’lmoq)
apply, application, applicable, applied (ishlatmoq)
multitasking, multiprocessing, multipurpose, multivalued
interfere, interference (aralashmoq)
advantage, disadvantage (ustunlik)
manage, management, manageable, manager, manageress, ex-manager (boshqarmoq)
precise, precision, precisely (aniq)

Yangi so‘zlarni yasashda qo‘shish usuli eng qulay usuldir. Bu keyin so‘zlarni diqqat bilan o‘qish kerak va qismlarini ma’noli tarjima qilish kerak. Bosh so‘z ohirida.

Exercise 4. Qo‘shma so‘zlarni tarjima qiling.
Man Odam + power kuch = manpower
Head Bosh + ache og‘riq = headache
Note Yozuv + book kitob = notebook
Safe sog‘ - salomat + guard xabfsizlik = safeguard
World Dunyo + wide keng = worldwide
Nation Xalq + wide keng = nationwide
More Ko‘proq + over ustida = moreover

Abbreviatura bu so‘zlarning bosh yoki birinchi so‘zlar qisqartmasidir.

Exercise 5. Qisqartmalarni ochib bering.
PC, PS, BASIC, ROM, ROM BIOS, KB, CPU, I/O, MB;
add; char; rec; sys; sz; var; wd; t; stn; ref; rev; pt; red; rdy; ret; proc; procr; mul; div; cnt; chg; alt


Exercise 5. The columns below describe characteristics of the bus and ring configurations. Which column refers to which configuration? How did you decide?

A. varied time response B. calculable time response

easy expansion difficult recognition
fault-tolerant fault-intolerant
simple more complex


Exercise 6. Ish yuritishda xatlar belgilangan tarzda maxsus blanklarda yoziladi. Quyida rasmiy va norasmiy xatlarda qismlar joylashishining namunalari keltirilgan.