Lecture№1 : Lexicology as a science. Links with other branches of linguistics. Outline

Lecture№ 1 : Lexicology as a science. Links with other branches of linguistics.
Outline:
1. Definition. Links with other branches of Linguistics.
2. Two approaches to language study.
3. Lexicology and sociolinguistics.
4.Types of lexicology


Key words: lexicology, phonetics, grammar, lingua-stylistics, contrastivelexicology, word-structure and word-formation, lexicography, semasiology, synchronic approach, diachronic approach, lexical units
Definition of the “lexicology”
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the science of language. The term Lexi c o l o g y is composed of two Greek morphemes: lexis meaning ‘word, phrase’ (hence lexicos ‘having to do with words’) and logos which denotes ‘learning, a department of knowledge’. Thus, the literal meaning of the term L e x i с o l о g у is ‘the science of the word’.
The term firstly appeared in the 1970s, though there were lexicologists in essence before the term was coined. Modern English Lexicology aims at giving a systematic description of the word-stock of Modern English. Words, their component parts —morphemes —and various types of word-groups, are subjected to structural and semantic analysis primarily from the synchronic angle. In other words, Modern English Lexicology investigates the problems of word-structure and word-formation in Modern English, the semantic structure of English words, the main principles underlying the classification of vocabulary units into various groupings the laws governing the replenishment of the vocabulary with new vocabulary units.
It also studies the relations existing between various lexical layers of the English vocabulary and thespecific laws and regulations that govern its development at the present time. The source and growth of the English vocabulary, the changes it has undergone in its history are also dwelt upon, as the diachronic approach revealing the vocabulary in the making cannot but contribute to the understanding of its workings at the present time.
It has now become a tradition to include in a Course of Lexicology ashort section dealing with Lexicography, the science and art of dictionary compiling, because Lexicography is a practical application of Lexicology so that the dictionary-maker is inevitably guided in his work by the principles laid down by the lexicologist as a result of his investigations. It is common knowledge that in his investigation the lexicologist makes use of various methods. An acquaintance with these methods is an indispensable part of a course of lexicology.
Modern English Lexicology as a subject of study forms part of the Theoretical Course of Modern English and as such is inseparable from its other component parts, i.e. Grammar, Phonetics, Stylistics, on the one hand, and the Course of History of the English Language, on the other.
The language learner will find the Course of Modern English Lexicology of great practical importance. He will obtain much valuable information concerning the English wordstock and the laws and regulations governing the formation and usage of English words and word-groups. Besides, the Course is aimed both at summarising the practical material already familiar to the students from foreign language classes and at helping the students to develop the skills and habits of generalising the linguistic phenomena observed. The knowledge the students gain from the Course of Modern English Lexicology will guide them in all their dealings with the English word-stock and help them apply this information to the solution of practical problems that may face them in class-room teaching. Teachers should always remember that practical command alone does not qualify a person to teach a language.
This textbook treats the following basic problems:

1. 
   Semasiology and semantic classifications of words;
   
2. 
   Word-groups and phraseological units;
   
3. 
   Word-structure;
   
4. 
   Word-formation;
   
5. 
   Etymological survey of the English word-stock;
   
6. 
   Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of Modern English word-stock;
   
7. 
   Variants and dialects of Modern English;
   
8. 
   Fundamentals of English Lexicography;
   
9. 
   Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis.