Lecture change of meaning and its results

Metaphor is based on resemblance, similarity, likeness in appearance, character, way of life and thinking, behaviour and manners, etc.:
1. Hand (pointer) of a clock / Leg (support) of a table;
2. Warm (pleasant) feelings;
3. To jump at (eagerly accept) the chance.
Metaphors can be trite and genuine. Trite metaphors are unnoticeable in everyday speech. Genuine metaphors are the creation of the inspiration of the writers, poets and speakers:
Metonymy is based on the semantic process of associating two referents, one of which makes part of the other or is closely connected with it: E. g.:
1. tongue - the organ of speech > mother tongue
2. White House- the premises of the US Government> the US President’s Administration;
3. iron- an appliance to smooth clothes, linen made of iron;
The results of semantic change may affect both denotational and connotational meanings of the word. The semantic change may result in the changes of the denotational component of the lexical meaning of the word (restriction or extension of meaning) and/or the alteration of its connotational component (amelioration and deterioration of meanings).
Change of the denotational component of the meaning of the word: