Lecture 7 Vocabulary of gl east Germanic Languages and Old English

Adjective suffixes. The suffix -ede derives adjectives from the group
“adjective stem + substantive stem”, as in in micelhëafdede ‘largeheaded’,
sometimes from a single substantive stem: höcede ‘hooked’, healede‘broken’. It
is productive. The suffix -ihte derives adjectives from substantive stems, usually
accompanied by mutation: stænihte ‘stony’ from stan ‘stone’, ðyrnihte ‘thorny’
from ðorn ‘thorn’ (<* ðurn). The suffix -i3 also derives adjectives from substantive stems, sometimes accompanied by mutation: häli3 ‘holy’ (from häl ‘whole’), mödi3 ‘proud’ (from möd ‘feeling’), misti3 ‘misty’ (from mist ‘mist’), ïsi3 ‘icy’ (from ïs ‘ice’), bysi3‘busy’, dysi3 ‘foolish’. It is productive.
The suffix -en (from -in) accompanied by mutation derives adjectives from
substantives: 3ylden ‘golden’ from 3old ‘gold’ (<*3uld), wyllen ‘woollen’ (fromwulle ‘wool’), stænen made of stone (from stän ‘stone’), lïnen ‘flaxen’ (fromlïn ‘flax’). The suffix -isc, usaully accompanied by mutation derives adjectives, mostly denoting nationally: En3lisc ‘English’, Frencisc ‘French’, Welisc ‘Welsh’,mennisc ‘human’, folcisc ‘popular’. Aproductive suffix.
The suffix -sum derives adjectives from substantive, adjective, and verb
stems: sibbsum ‘peaceful’ (from sibb ‘peace’), lan3sum ‘dreary’ (from lan3
‘long’), hïersum ‘obedient’ (from hïeran ‘hear’, ‘obey’). Aproductive suffix.
The suffix -feald (cf. the verb fealdan ‘fold’) derives adjectives from
numeral and adjective stems: þrïefeald ‘threefold’, seofonfeald ‘sevenfold’,
mani3feald ‘manifold’. The suffix -full (from the adjective full ‘full’) derives adjectives from abstract substantive stems: sor3full ‘sorrowful’, synnfull ‘sinful’, carfull ‘full od care’. The suffix -lëas (from the adjective lëas ‘deprived’) derives adjectives from verb and substantive stems: slæplëas ‘sleepless’, 3elëaflëas ‘unbelieving’, ärlëas ‘deprived of honour’, reccelëas ‘reckless’. The suffix -lïc (from the substantive lïc ‘body’) derives adjectives from substantive and adjective stems: eorþllïc ‘earthly’, frëondlïc ‘friendly’, luflïc‘full of love’, 3ëarlic ‘yearly’, 3ödlïc ‘pleasant’, dëadlïc ‘deadly’, ænlic‘uique’. The suffix -weard derives adjectives from substantive, adjective, and adverb stems: hämweard ‘homeward’, middeweard ‘middle’, inneweard ‘internal’.