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The adverbials. If we pay attention to the investigation of adverbials, it is also one of the secondary parts of the sentence it studied as the depended component to the predicate and a part of expressing action in the structure of the sentence. There are some disputable questions as it is not studied semantics in the syntactic level.
According to the content the adverbials are expressed by means of the adverb and are divided into condition, result, place, time, cause, purpose, measure, degree and comparison. This classification of the adverbials are based on the content of lexical units, in that way it is limited. But there are different types of syntaxemes, those syntaxemes are outside of linguists’ attention.
Definition of the adverbials are explained in different ways. For example: V.G. Admoni wrote: “…adverbials is the part of the sentence expressing action or state expressed by the verb “ Второстепенныйчленыпредложениявпускоминемецкомязыках. Л. 1960” , A. Kruisinga, V.N. Jigadlo explained: “…the adverbials as a part of the sentence belonging to the predicate or attribute or other adverbials, it usually expresses the sign of action or the sign of sign. (Kruisinga, 1998, 284; Jigadlo, 1956, 291).
In general, according to B.A. Ilyish’s consideration the term adverbial modifier is not quite suitable term (B.A. Ilyish, 1971, 233). The term adverbial expresses two contents. The first, adverbial is always expressed by the adverb, this consideration is not quite right, because the adverbial can be expressed by different types of morphological means. The second, the term adverbial always defines the verb, this consideration is also wrong. As adverbial services to determine the adjective, the adverb, noun or the verb expressed part of the sentence.
According to those considerations and classifications of the adverbial in spite of having several defects those theories about the adverbial have been repeating in all English practical and theoretical grammars. Additionally to this we can come across some other definition of the adverbial: “Adverbial is a secondary parts of sentence expressing different state, purpose, condition, measure, time, place while caring out of the action. In general , the adverbial is a depended component to the predicate expressing an action” (J. Buranov, 1973, 231; E.A. Kruisinga, 1998,214).
According to A.I. Smirniskiy’s state, in traditional grammars: “the category of adverbial is not determined category enough”. On the base of his consideration:”…in spite of being different types adverbials expressing place and time, they express the event taking place in space and time.” It is really it contents expressed by adverbials of place and time are compared with adverbial modifier of manner in the structure of the sentence the place, time or condition are not expressed the process taking place in the action itself. Because it is considered a different process, it is close to the attribute “ (Smirniskiy, 1957, 223-225). The category of adverbial in Russian linguistics explained in different ways. As V.N. Migrin stateec that according to the content expressed by adverbial don`t resemble to adverbial connection and the idea of attributive relation must be taken away from adverbial composition because the syntactic unit which are related by attributive connection expresses attributes. The following combinations “gromko krichat`” bi`stro begat`” express the quality of action that`s why they are the attribute of the verb (Migrin 1961 48-49)
As we see there are different considerations about adverbial that means this part of sentence is not studied in detail. We are witness that adverbial of a secondary parts of the sentence is classified according to the content and form. In this case there is no identical classification between languages.
For example in the grammars of the German language adverbial is classified: measure, manner, place, time, cause, condition, purpose, means and means of action (Admoni 1955. 351) in the uzbek language the adverbial-place, time, cause, condition, purpose, measure, measure (o`zbek tili grammatikasi Sintaksis T.1376.116) in others-adverb place, time, cause, measure, condition and concession (Gulamov, Askarova, 1987.146) In the English language-place time, measure, cause, purpose, result, condition, concession (Jigadlo.1956.228)
Above marked facts are considerations are clear that classification of adverbial category in linguistics is different. This is sais that the category of adverbial is also one of the disputable questions of dividing into primary and secondary parts of sentence doesn`t answer are demands as modern syntax. For example if we pay attention to the adverbial many linguists have different view of points in the field of differentiating adverbial from the object For example: Academician L.V.Sherbа: ЯдостигКиев, Яполучилписьмо, ЯприехалвКиев. In the sentences there are no any syntactic distinctions , but ЯжилвСанкт- Петербурге segment Санкт- Петербурге in this structure of the sentence Санкт- Петербурге is in the function of adverbial modifier of peace. (Sherbа,1958,93-100).
According to A.M. Mukkin’s consideration is that while differentiating the secondary parts of the sentence from each-other usage of one of the linguistic methods-transformation-substitution which gives effective results. He explained L.V. Sherba’s example in this way: ЯжилвСанкт- Петербург, ЯприехалвКиев in those sentences the syntactic units вСанкт- Петербурге , вКиев can be substituted by the adverbs туда, сюда and the prepositions are not kept there, and verbs жил, приехал are intransitive verbs that’s why they don’t depend objects, that’s why they are variants of locative syntaxemes (Mukhin, 1976, 170).
To our minds, such kind of defects in the syntactic analyses of the sentence are based on without using concrete linguistic methods. And at the some time the linguists didn’t differ language level (morphological, lexical, syntactic) from each
other. The decision of these problems in the syntactic analyses of the sentence we try to explain and how to use linguistic methods as componential and syntaxeme analyses of the structure of the sentence in the following paragraph.
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