Lecture 3 parts of speech

LECTURE 3 PARTS OF SPEECH

• Васильева Е.В., БГУ, г. Улан-Удэ

PLAN

• 1. The notion of parts of speech and the criteria for their discrimination.
• 2. The main notional parts of speech and their characteristics.
• 3. The main functional parts of speech and their characteristics.
• 4. Subcategorization of the parts of speech.
• 5. Parts of speech migration.

1. The notion of parts of speech

• Study the following words and try to classify them. Argue the basis of your classification.
• Book, swim, beautiful, girl, one, classify, third, nicely, in, tables, write, came, under.
• Parts of speech are grammatically relevant classes of words (or lexemes) obtaining more or less common features.

1. Criteria for parts of speech discrimination

1. Criteria for parts of speech discrimination

• SEMANTIC
• The categorial (lexico-grammatical) meaning of the part of speech.
• It means the generalized meaning characteristic to all the words in a given part of speech.
• Example:
• Noun - substance, thingness.
• Verb - action, process, etc.

1. Criteria for parts of speech discrimination

• FORMAL
• A) Specific forms of derivation. Some typical stem-building and lexico- grammatical affixes.
• Examples:
• Noun affixes: -tion, -ship, -dom, -ism, etc.
• B) Morphological grammar categories. Thus, the paradigm of a word shows to what part of speech it belongs.
• Examples:
• Noun - case, number.
• Verb - tense, aspect, voice, person, etc.

• ATTENTION!
• Compare the following paradigms:
• Conclusion: NOT ALL the lexemes of apart pf speech have the same paradigm

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