Lecture 2 phonological theories I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay’s Theory of Phonology

плод and плот, луг and лук voiced consonants become voiceless at the end of words. The Moscow phonologists suggested the term «hyperphoneme» which is defined as a unit which appears in the position of neutralization of a group of phonemes. For example, in Russian neutralization may take place in unstressed syllables where the vowels /a/, /o/, /i/, /e/, /u/ can be distinguished from each other; in this case they are not phonemes but hyperphonemes /a/ o, i /e/ and /u/. The unit hyperphoneme as presented by the Moscow phonologists does not coincide with the «archiphoneme» unit suggested by the Prague phonological school. The latter is understood as a unit, when two phonemes, distinguished only by one feature, for example, voiced -voiceless consonants /p - b/, /t - d/ etc., may coincide with their feature in the position of neutralization: