Leadership theory

Company Size

• 
  Companies with ten to fifty employees have a worse record on CSR than all other size categories.
  
• 
  Training on codes of ethics is more pervasive the larger the company
  
• 
  There is general scope for increased training on ethics, particularly for medium sized enterprises or institutions.
  

Code of ethics

Those companies or institutions with specific ethics training programme had a much higher CSR score than those without

By Economic Sector of Activity

• 
  The highest CSR score, i.e. highest corporate responsibility, was found among the telecommunications companies.
  
• 
  The lowest CSR scores were from the service sectors.
  
• 
  Companies in telecommunications, retail trade and insurance tended to have codes of ethics.
  
• 
  Educational establishments and public institutions did very poorly - this is almost hypocritical given the high store some of these establishments set by good ethical behaviour.
  
• 
  The absence of training is noticeable across the board with the exceptions of telecomm; retail and insurance where between two thirds and three quarters of the firms have training schemes in place.
  
• 
  Few companies or institutions have a manager responsible for CSR or ethical issues - service sectors and education fare very badly
  
• 
  Sixty percent of companies in the energy sector do not have a CSR manager despite the high profile of sustainability issues in the energy sector.