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Grammatik 5.2 ~ Case in German nouns



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Grammatik 5.2 ~ Case in German nouns
Through our discussions on the personal pronouns, you have learned how pronouns have 
case
. Nouns 
also have case—and in German, noun case can be expressed by the definite article (
der
). Recall this 
table from 
Lektion 3
:
der
masculine 
die
feminine
das
neuter
These 
der
-words reflect noun 
gender
in the nominative case—appropriate whenever a noun is used as 
the subject of a sentence. For other cases, the 
der
words change. Expanding the table to present 
nominative (NOM.), accusative (ACC.), dative (DAT.), and genitive (GEN.) cases:
NOM. ACC. DAT. GEN.
der
den
dem
des
masculine 


die
die
der
der
feminine
das
das
dem
des
neuter
die
die
den
der
plural
Note, there are also 
der
-word forms to be used for plural nouns. Fortunately, these are the same, no 
matter what the gender of the singular noun. For future reference, you can find the 
der
-words 
summarized in 
Anhänge Drei
.
The following examples demonstrate the use of the definitive article in various parts of speech:
Du hast die Wurst und den Käse.
You have the sausage and the cheese.
(accusative case)
Die Geschäftsleute verstehen die Arbeit
The business associates understand the 
work.
(nominative and accusative cases)
Sie liegt am Ausfluss des Zürichsees.
It lies at the outlet of (the) Lake 
Zurich.
(genitive case)
Zürich ist die größte Stadt der Schweiz.
Zurich is the largest city in (of the) 
Switzerland.
(nominative and genitive cases)
In the last example, remember that in both English and German, the noun (or pronoun) that follows the 
verb 'to be' is a predicate noun, for which the correct case is the 
nominative
. That is why, in English, 'It 
is I' is grammatically correct and 'It is me' is incorrect. So consider the following (and note that case of 
each definite article is the same as in the last example above):
Zürich ist der Kanton der gleichnamigen Stadt.
Zurich is the canton of the same 
named city.

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