Language and Gender


Positioning ideas and subjects - Addressing (1)



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Language and Gender

Positioning ideas and subjects - Addressing (1)

  • Sensitive indicators of how speakers are positioning the addressees
  • Comparison: English vs. German
  • English:
    • Sir, ma‘am, social titles like Dr., Mr. or Mrs.
  • assign high position and respect
    • First name: indicates familarity, solidarity or that you do not respect the other person

Positioning ideas and subjects - Addressing (2)

  • German:
    • “du“ (singular) and “Sie“ (plural)
    • “du“: more intimate, familiar or when you talk to children
    • “Sie“: shows respect
  • Several centuries ago: hierarchy was more important
  • English had distinction, too: “thou“ (singular) and “you“ (plural)

Positioning ideas and subjects - Conclusion

  • Positioning is a very important part of discourse
  • Differences between women and men
  • Differences because of age and social status as well
  • Question of respect

Working the Market: Use of varieties - Contents

  • Languages, dialects and varieties
  • The linguistic market
  • Language ideologies and linguistic varieties
  • Gender and the use of linguistic varieties
  • Whose speech is more standard?

Working the Market: Use of varieties - Language, dialects and varieties

  • Children learn a particular language with a particular variety
  • Children, who have contact to different communities might grow up speaking more than one variety
  • Bilingualism: learning two languages with two varieties not just grammatically, but strategically
  • Differences in dialects can be very subtle
    • Grammatical differences
    • Phonological differences by which we distinguish regional dialects

Working the Market: Use of varieties - The linguistic market

  • “Right” linguistic varieties can facilitate access to positions and situations of societal power
  • “Wrong” linguistic varieties can block such access
  • Standard language is normally the language of societal power also used at the global market
  • Locally based varieties are commonly referred to as vernaculars and are used at the local market
  • Vernaculars may be distinct languages from the standard or they may be alternative varieties of the same language

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