earl
);
titles of respect:
sire, madame,
maistresse;
and other words relating to society:
paissaunt “peasant”, vassal, homage, maner “manor”, demein
“demesne”, baillif
, etc.
–
Many ecclesiastical words are borrowings from French:
preiere “prayer”, sanctuarie “sanctuary”,
merci “mercy”, vertu “virtue”, theologie, confessioun, saviour , mysterie, prechen, chanten, preien, sacrifice
, and
others.
–
As the Normans took law in their hands, the English legal vocabulary was replenished with
such words, as
acusen, aquiten “acquit”, plaiden “plead”, sentence, juge “judge”, jurie “jury”, aresten, warant,
justice, bille, petition, compleynte, evidence, profe “proof”, bayle “bail”, verdit “verdict”, punisshement, blamen,
assignen, asaut “assault”, damage, defendaunt, proprete “property”, estat “estate”, heritage, heir, rente,
executour, marien “marry”, mariage, moneie “money”.
–
Military terms came from Anglo-Norman:
ayde “aid”, armee, navie “navy”, garisoun, souldier,
garde “guard”, spien “spy”, archer, enemi, bataile “battle”, capitain, defeten “defeat”, escapen, vessel, sergant,
sege “siege”, force, regiment, pees “peace”, banere “banner”.
–
Many innovations in domestic life and architecture were introduced by the French together
with their names:
celer “cellar”, chimenee “chimney”, columne, couche, cortin “curtain”, cusshin “cushion”,
lampe, piler “pillar”, porche, warderobe, chaiere “chair”, table, lanterne, towaille “towel”, bacin “basin”, parlur
“parlour”, mansioun “mansion”, tour “tower”, etc.
–
Words that pertain to the domain of fashion:
bote “boot”, cote “coat”, coler “collar”, dressen, furre
“fur”, garnement “garment”, goune “gown”, veile “veil”, butoun “button”, bokel “buckle”, broche “brooch”, las
“lace”, embrouderie “embroidery”, meteyn “mitten”, kerchef, luxurie
(along with the names of colours:
blewe
“blue”, scarlet, tauny “tawny”
and precious stones:
emeraude “emerald”, safir “sapphire”, perle, diamaunt
“diamond”, cristal
).
–
Entertainment:
leisir “leisure”, plaisir “pleasure”, daunce “dance”, tornement “tournament”,
entertenen “entertain”
.
–
Art and literature:
musik, beaute “beauty”, colour, image, figure
,
adornen “adorn”, embelisshen
“embellish”, ornement, chapiter “chapter”, romaunce, volume, prologe.
–
Education and learning:
studie “study”, gramery “grammar”, nowne “noun”, clause, copie “copy”,
penne “pen”, gendre “gender”
.
–
Medicine:
surgien “surgeon”, fisicien “physician”, maladie, peyne “pain”, puls “pulse”, remedie,
oynement, basme “balm”, poisoun “poison”
, etc. were introduced into English.
–
Nearly 500 words dealing with food, cooking and eating are loans from French:
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