Конструктивный синтаксис (структурный)

modal verbs + infinitive and expresses the same semantic type of unreality as subjunctive I. There are some patterns of subjunctive II, for example, may/might + infinitive is used to denote wish, desire, hope, for example, May it be so! - (сравним с subjunctive I ) - Be it so!; I hoped he might come soon – I hoped that he come soon; should + infinitive is used to express supposition, suggestion, recommendation, for example, Whatever your mother should say we’ll marry one day – Whatever your mother say we’ll marry one day.

The generalized meaning of subjunctive III can be defined as that of unreal condition. The form is homonymous with the past tense forms of the verbs in the indicative mood, except for the verb ‘to be’ which in all persons and numbers is used in the form ‘were’. Subjunctive III is used mostly in the subordinate clauses of complex sentences. For example, If she tried (she would manage it) - если бы она попробовала (в будущем) ей бы удалось, unreal condition; Even if she tried (she wouldn’t manage it) – даже если бы она попыталась у неё бы не получилось, concession (уступки); (She behaved) as if she tried very hard but failed – у неё не получилось ввести нас в заблуждение что мы поверили что она очень старается (unreal comparison); (It is high time) she tried to change the situation (пора бы ей уже изменить ход событий (отношение на будущее)) (urgency - срочно что-то сделать); (I wish) she tried harder (Жаль что она не старается как нужно или Хотелось бы чтобы она старалась как нужно) (unreal wish); If only she tried – Если бы она попыталась. Subjunctive III can be functionally defined as the ‘stipulative conditional’.

Subjunctive IV can is functionally defined as the ‘consecutive’ mood (следствие). The verbs denote the corresponding consequence of an unreal condition in the principle part (clause) of the complex sentence. The form of the verb is homonymous with the analytical future in the past tense forms of verbs in the indicative mood. For example, (If she tried) she would manage it.

Of major importance of category of mood is the problem of time expression in the subjunctive mood. Time is rendered relatively by means of the aspective category of retrospective coordination. The non – perfect forms of the verb in the subjunctive (past indefinite for Subjunctive III and future indefinite of the past for Subjunctive IV) express the relative present (simultaneity) or the relative future (posteriority) of unreal action. The perfect forms (past perfect for Subjunctive III and future perfect in the past for Subjunctive IV) are used to express relative past (priority) of unreal actions. For example, If she tried she would manage it (simultaneity or posteriority) (действие ещё может быть реализовано); If she had tried she would have managed it (priority) (мы знаем точно она не пыталась).