Компьютерные сети. Интернет

Classification of computer networks
Computer compatibility
Data transfer type
Implemented Functions
homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Circuit switching
Message switching
Packet switching
Computing
Informational
Mixed
Classification of computer networks
Location of subscriber system
Network topology
Network building structure
Local
Regional
Global
star-shaped
Ring
Hierarchical
Multi-node
common bus
Single and multi-node
Single-channel and multi-channel
Classification of computer networks

• peer-to-peer
• Server Based
• Combined

Computer networkis a set of computers and terminals connected via communication channels into a single system that meets the requirements of distributed data processing.
The structure of a computer network includes the following elements:
Network subscribers- objects representing the source or consumer of information.
Station- equipment that performs functions related to the transmission and reception of information.
Subscriber system— set of subscriber and station.
Topology- this is a way of organizing (connecting) subscribers with each other.
The most important characteristic of any network isbaud rate, measured by the number of bits of information transmitted per second (bps).
Bandwidthis the number of characters transmitted per second (char/s).
The ratio of the number of erroneously transmitted characters to the total number of characters transmitted is calledreliability of transmitted information.
The data transfer rate depends on the connection and data transfer method. Existsthree main ways of transmitting information in networks based on

• circuit switching,
• messages
• packages.

Internet is a communication system and at the same time an information system, a communication environment. From a technical point of view, the Internet is a collection of hosts scattered around the world (computers, each of which has its own unique IP address), interconnected by routers (nodes with more than two channels).