Anahtar sözcükler: Göle, Yaylacılık, Mera, Hayvancılık.
Abstract
In this study, the transhumance activities in Göle are discussed. Göle, which is located in
Erzurum Kars Section of Eastern Anatolia Region, is the largest and most populous district of
Ardahan. Göle has a rugged topography about 2000 m above sea level. In Göle natural environment
characteristics restrict human and economic activities. Purpose of the study; Examine the traditional
transhumance activities carried out in Göle with the geographical point of view, to explain is to
identify similar and different aspects of transhumance activities carried out by comparison with the
other regions of Turkey. For this purpose, field studies, plateaus and transportation routes were
examined and local people were interviewed. Measurements were made on satellite images using
GIS and UA techniques. Data were obtained from various institutions and analyzes were conducted.
According to the findings, livestock is the main source of livelihood in Göle. 44 out of 54
villages in the district are engaged in transhumance. Mountains and plateaus covering a large area in
the region make many economic activities difficult, and the pastures on it have created favorable
conditions in terms of transhumance. In certain periods of the year, the animals are grazed in the
pastures so that the meat, milk yield and quality of the animals fed with fresh herbs increases while
the cost of fattening decreases. The people of the region also go to the highlands in order to harvest
the agricultural areas near the rural settlements in the lowlands without being destroyed by the
animals. Depending on the climatic conditions, the length of stay in the plateau does not exceed 80
days. It goes to the plateau in the middle of June and returns at the end of August and early September.
There is a distance of 10-20 km between the highland settlements and permanent rural settlements in
the Göle. while the villages are at an altitude of 2000 m, plateaus are established at 2200 - 2300
meters. Therefore, migrations can be made on a daily basis without the need for accommodation.
Traditional plateau dwellings in the Göle are built of stone and wood and consist of three sections: a
living room built from cedar, a kitchen and koz for animals.
As a result; It is possible to say that the transhumance activities in the Göle have traditionally
continued, but that the products produced and the revenues obtained are below the potential of the
region. Depending on natural conditions; Plateau to emerge periods, from the settlement of the
highland plateau in duration and is different from many regions of Turkey.
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