Kimyo fanidan laboratoriya mashg’ulotlari

Laboratoriya ishi № 14

TO’YINGAN UGLEVODORODLAR. METANNING OLINISHI VA XOSSALARI

Ishning bajarilishi

1- Tajriba. Metanning olinishi va uning xossalari

Reaktiv va materiallar: sirka kislotaning natriyli tuzi, natron ohak, xlorid kislota (1:1), kerosin, benzin, bromli suv, kaliy permanganat eritmasi; quruq probirka, shtativ, chinni kosacha.

Quruq probirkaga uning 23 hajmigacha (2-3 g) natriy atsetat bilan natron ohak (1:2 og’irlik nisbatda) aralashmasidan solib, probirkani shtativ qisqichga qiyalatib o’rnating (13 – rasm). Probirkaning og’zini gaz o’tkazgich nayi bor tiqin bilan berkiting.

26 – rasm. Metan yoki etilen olish uchun ishlatiladigan asbob. Ikkita probirkaning birinchisiga bromli suv, ikkinchisiga 1% li kaliy permanganat eritmasi soling va shtativga o’rnating. So’ngra aralashmali probirkani qizdiring, bunda quyidagi sxema bo’yicha metan ajralib chiqadi:

CH₃COONa  NaOH  CH₄  Na₂CO₃

uning bir necha xossalari quyidagi reaksiyalar yordamida o’rganiladi:

a) ajralib chiqayotgan metanni bromli suv solingan probirkaga yo’naltiring. eritmaning och qo’ng’ir rangi (sariq) o’zgarmaydi.

b) gaz o’tkazuvchan nay uchini kaliy permanganat eritmasi bo’lgan probirkaga tushiring, bunda ham eritmaning rangi o’z garmaydi. demak metan to’yingan uglevodorod: brom birikmaydi, kaliy permanganat ta’sirida oksidlanmaydi.

v) qizdirishni to’xtatmasdan, ajralib chiqayotgan gazni yoqing. metan ko’kimtir rang hosil qilib yonadi: CH₄  2O₂  CO₂  2H₂O

2- tajriba. Benzin va kerosinning alangalanish harorati

Reaktiv va materiallar: benzin, kerosin; 2 ta chinni likopcha.

chinni likobchalarning biriga 1-2 ml benzin, ikkinchisiga shuncha kerosin quying. benzin solingan likobchaga yonib turgan gugurt cho’pi tuting, u yonadi, kerosin esa yonmaydi. unga tushirilgan yonib turgan gugurt o’chadi,chunki kerosinni yondirish uchun avval uni 30-40⁰s gacha isitish kerak. shundagina kerosin benzin kabi yonadi.

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