Kichik biznes va tadbirkorlik faoliyatini axborot

Ikkilamchi axborot – bu avval boshqa maqsadlar uchun yig`ilgan mavjud axborotdir.
Quyidagilar ikqilamchi axborot manbalarini tashkil etadi:
- korxonalarning hisobotlari;
- bo`lg`usi tadqiqotlar haqidagi hisobotlar;
- davlat muassasalarining nashrlari;
- korxona, muassasalarning balans hisobotlari;
- statistik ma’lumotnomalar;
- birjalar ma’lumotnomalari;
- gazeta va jurnallar, radio, televidenie eshittirishlari va h.k.
Ikkilamchi axborot tadqiqotning boshlang`ich nuqtasi bo`lib xizmat qiladi. U arzon tushishi va olinishi osonligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ammo tadqiqotchiga kerakli ma’lumotlar eskirgan, noaniq, to`liqsiz yoki ishonchsiz holda yetib kelishi mumkin. Bu holda tadqiqotchining yanada ko`proq mablag`lar va vaqt sarflashi orqali birlamchi axborot yig`ishiga to`g`ri keladi.
Birlamchi axborot – bu aniq maqsad uchun birinchi marta yig`i-ladigan axborotdir. Birlamchi axborot yig`ishning uchta usuli bor:
1. Kuzatish usuli.
2. Tajriba usuli.
3. So`rov usuli.
Small business, entrepreneurship and innovation. Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity. Working Paper 15 February 2012
What is market failure?
Economists observe that a competitive market allocates resources efficiently.
Investments flow to businesses with the best returns, with appropriate adjustments for risk; wages are paid to most skilled and productive workers; and prices adjust to reflect the value of products as perceived by customers. In allocating resources through these mechanisms, the market achieves the maximum economic output and well being for its citizens with the most efficient use of resources. In any economy, structures or conditions may stand in the way of the best allocation of resources by the market – this is called market failure. Resources are allocated efficiently when, for each good produced, its marginal cost of production is equal to its marginal benefit. When this condition is violated, market failure occurs.
Market failure is commonly found in four situations; some argue that the externalities and informational asymmetries do affect smaller and entrepreneurial firms.