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Tura Murad-Tura Minaret (1888)
It is located opposite the north-western corner of Muhammad Rahimkhan Madrasah, it was built next to quarter (makhallya) mosque bearing the same name by Tura Murad-Tura, brother of Muhammad Rahimkhan II. The minaret is made of baked bricks and decorated with "bows" and majolica belt in its upper part. Dimensions: height - 9m., foundation diameter - 3.2 m.
Ata khavuz
A lot of attention was paid in Khiva Khanate to the construction of irrigation canals because there were a lot of agricultural areas irrigated with water fron the canals. Canal were dug from the Amudarya, water reservoirs and khauzes were constructed.
Ata khauz was created during the rule of Abdulghazi Khan on the western side of Ichan Kala opposite Ata Darvaza. This khauz was known as Ismamut Ata. Until 1940-50’s it served as a source of drinking water.
Tugon Turak Mausoleum (19th century)
The Mausoleum is located in Yussuf Tashpulatov Street in Ichan-Kala, in front of the north-western corner of Tash Khauli Palace. According to the existing evidence, the mausoleum was built in honor of Tugan Turak who originated from the Turkish Muslims and was one of Khiva's envoys of Kuteyba Ibn Muslim who conquered Khorezm in 712. Mausoleum was rebuilt in the 19th century.
Payando Mausoleum (16th century)
This one-domed portal mausoleum with a basement burial vault located on the south side of Dzhuma Mosque. The facade is equipped with high east-facing portal deco-rated with a pattern of ganch. Three meters in front of the portal is an underground passage, which serves as a special entrance to the burial place. There is a ziaratkhana in the upper room.
The walls of Ichan-Kala
The municipal walls are a rare example of medieval fortifications that lasted till the present; they also give the city the air of majesty. The city of Khiva was surrounded by two walls - Ichan-Kala and Dishan-Kala, which makes it different from other places. Ichan-Kala foundation was built between 5th and 4th century BC rising over the level of Dishan-Kala, probably due to the natural relief (according to the legends, the city was founded on a sand hill) The municipal walls made of adobe bricks (40x40x10 cm) were rebuilt several times in the course of centuries. Ichan-Kala wall is 8 till 10 meters high, 6 till 8 meters wide and 2250 meters long. There are massive round defensive towers protruding out of Ichan-Kala walls at the interval of 30 meters. The of the walls and towers is lined with toothed parapet with slit loopholes to fight off attackers during a siege. The system of defensive fortifications included water-filled ditches; even now traces of those ditches can be noticed in the micro-relief in the south area while asphalt streets cover former ditches in the north and west. Dishan-Kala walls were erected by Allah Kuli Khan in 1842. One might wonder where they got so much clay for the construction. The research revealed that clay was mined two kilometers north of the city in the territory, which is now called Ghovuk Kul; as the name says, there is a big lake there now. Since long ago local clay was thought to be of very high quality, and modern potters still use it. The legends say that when Prophet Muhammad built the town of Medina, clay from these parts was used, and the lake, which appeared later, is considered sacred. The municipal gate was also a part of the town defense system. It has a special design suitable for guards who stood their duty protecting the town, which is prominently expressed in its construction: on both sides of the arched driveway are "terror-inflicting" towers, a watching gallery is built over the gate. The drive-way is covered either with an arched roof (Koy-Darvaza) or, if the passage is too long, with several domes. There are domed rooms on each side of the passage, which housed sentries, customs, courthouse and sometimes a prison. In Oriental cities, the gates and entrances to public buildings and private houses were given great importance: the more impressive were the looks, the more grandeur and respect had a city, a building or its creator. In the course of time, however, defensive function of the gates grew less important, and gates became a part of city design. The gates were decorated with beautiful colored glazed tiles and oyats from the Koran, some gates displayed texts praising Khans and, some-times, extracts from their poems. Some gates turned into shopping malls with time. There are four gates in Ichan-Kala: Ata-Darvaza, Palvan-Darvaza, Tash-Darvaza and Bagcha-Darvaza. Dishan-Kala had ten gates but only three of them exist now. Let's have a look at the names of Dishan-Kala gates:
1. Khazarasp-Darvaza is in the northeastern part of the city. The road to Yangiaryk, Khanka and Khazarasp went through that gate.
2. Pishkanik was located in the east and got its name from a nearby village. It was also called Kumyaska because of Kumyaska makhallya (living quarter) adjacent to the gate on the inside.
3. Angarik was located in the west and got its name, too, from the nearby village. The road, which is going through that gate leads to Baghishamal - Allah Kuli Khan's summer residence.
4. Shikhlar, the southern gate named after the adjacent makhallya. Before the Khorezm People's Republic was created, all income from that gate was forwarded to Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum.
5. Tozabag, the south-western gate, with the road to Muhammad Rakhimkhan's II summer residence (Feruz) going through it.
6. Shakhimardan, the western gate that got its name from Shakhimardon cemetery.
7. Dashyak, the north-western gate called after a nearby village.
8. Kosh-Darvaza, the north gate called so because they are double (kosha). People also call it Urgench gate because the road leading to Urgench passes through it.
9. Gadaylar, the north gate, which got its name from the adjacent makhallya.
10. Gandimyan, the north gate named after a nearby village.
All gates were locked over night. The town gates played an important part in the life of every medieval town and gave each town unique appearance, important social and public facilities tended to grow next to the gates since long ago.
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