Кексаларни эъзозлаш йили

Ways of death: vary in different cultures.

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  Hanging. On WHO opinion, this way of death chooses most of suicides.
  
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  Fire weapon. In the USA where it is easy to get the weapon, about 60% of all suicides put an end in own life by means of a bullet. In Canada where the weapon is less available, to its use there are 30% of suicides. And in Austria where traffic in arms is forbidden, - only 4%.
  
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  Poisoning. From overdose of medicines 15-18% of suicides perish.
  
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  Researchers assume that considerable percent from among fatal road accidents with the only victim - actually suicides.
  
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  In total (on WHO opinion) there are 83 ways to commit suicide.
  

CHILDREN AND TOXICOMANIA
Mustafayev U. - 4^th - year - student
The Tashkent pharmaceutical institute, Tashkent city
Languages Chair
Scientific tutor - senior teacher Umarova M.B.
Such products as glue, butane gas, solvents are made on solvent base. That is why they can be used for sniffing and then receiving post effects of visual hallucinations.
Solvents are usually commercial products, like glue, nail polish remover, aerosols, gas lighter fuel and petrol, which give off a vapour. When the vapour is inhaled, it can make you feel light-headed, happy, and dizzy. The effects can last up to an hour, depending on what, and how much was inhaled. Solvents are depressant drugs.
It is estimated that one of five young people in Britain have used solvents. It is the second most commonly used drug for this age group. Talking about our country, there is no exact statistics concerning this fact, but it is not a secret that the number of «sniffers» is growing and yet has reached a tremendous index. It happens, because such substances are the most available and cheap.
Because solvents are often sniffed from a plastic bag, sometimes covering the head, there is a risk of suffocation, if the user becomes unconscious.
Solvent use is extremely dangerous. Nobody knows exactly how many children die in our country, because of solvent addiction. For example, in Great Britain in 1999 thirty nine young people died as a direct result of inhaling butane lighter fluid. This is ten times more than die from ecstasy.
Toxicomania is widespread among young people. Many household chemicals contain flying organic compounds, which are freely sold at any place. It is ascertained that 7-10% of adolescents at least once tried this or that chemicals. In the 20th century quarter in America, Europe young people increasingly inhale different pairs of substances: a pair of gasoline, some types of glue.
Inhaled inhalants quickly enters the bloodstream directly acts on the brain and spinal cord, peripheral nervous system. So time in the brain of drug addicts are quite significant changes, decreasing crust of the brain and some parts of the body and brain. Children who appear in the inhaling particularly made good friends with the fat tissue and so all these cells are found in all organs, substance abuse affects all organs. Most are affected the fatty tissue of the brain that protect the brain and recoveries communication among nerves, so drug addicts over time, lose the thought, memory, correct muscular movement and other autonomic functions.
Inhaling toxic compounds cause acute intoxication. The first phase appears at 2-3 breathes. Then it starts dizziness, headache, and feel like figuring on round the space. The heart beat increases in doubles and also it affects in eyes. Young children lose control under themselves and lost coordination. Also have symptoms that indicate a certain danger. At this time most teenagers inhale in this phase to feel more of a nuisance. The second phase, the euphoria begins at 4-5brethes. All this previously described the symptoms disappear and replaces a merry mood, ease and undulating. It causes head circulation phase, intoxication, begins at 7-8breathe. At this time, consciousness becomes dark and usually they lost their minds.
HISTORY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN PHARMACY
M.D. Amonova student of 1^st course
Tashkent pharmaceutical institute Tashkent city
Languages chair
Scientific tutor: X. Maksudova
The actuality: medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions, and to defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total. Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effects on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. This enables herbal medicines to be as effective as conventional medicines, but also gives them the same potential to cause harmful side effects.
The aim: the use of plants as medicines predates written human history. Ethnobotany (the study of traditional human uses of plants) is recognized as an effective way to discover future medicines. In 2001, researchers identified 122 compounds used in modern medicine which were derived from “ethnomedical” plant sources; 80% of these have had an ethnomedical use identical or related to the current use of the active elements of the plant. Many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to physicians have a long history of use as herbal remedies, including aspirin, digitalis, quinine, and opium. The use of herbs to treat disease is almost universal among non-industrialized societies, and is often more affordable than purchasing expensive modern pharmaceuticals. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. Studies in the United States and Europe have shown that their use is less common in clinical settings, but has become increasingly more in recent years as scientific evidence about the effectiveness of herbal medicine has become more widely available. The annual global export value of pharmaceutical plants in 2011 accounted for over US$2.2 billion.
In conclusion: the use of plants as medicine predates written human history. Many of the herbs and spices used by humans to season food also yield useful medicinal compounds. The use of herbs and spices in cuisine developed in part as a response to the threat of food-borne pathogens. Studies show that in tropical climates where pathogens are the most abundant, recipes are the most highly spiced. Further, the spices with the most potent antimicrobial activity tend to be selected. In all cultures vegetables are spiced less than meat, presumably because they are more resistant to spoilage. Angiosperms (flowering plants) were the original source of most plant medicines. Many of the