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Introduction.
Currently, meeting the growing demand of the population for high-quality food products, processing enterprises for raw materials and a solid forage base for animal husbandry is an urgent task, and in this regard, further improvement and modernization of agricultural production is urgent.
In order to grow and process food in the country, to meet the needs and standards of consumers, a number of programs have been developed, according to which standards are set for each consumer for consumption throughout the year.
In particular, the staff of the Medical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan recommends that the population of our country consume 98 kg of melons per capita per year. This amount is 54.5 kilograms of melons, 36.5 kilograms of watermelons and 7 kilograms of pumpkins.
Uzbekistan has been a region where horticulture has been widely developed for centuries, and in recent years research has been conducted on the introduction of new technologies in this area. The goal is to grow high-quality products by introducing new technologies without expanding existing crop areas.
Experts in the field are faced with the important task of further increasing the potential yield of melons in Uzbekistan, providing the population with melons for as long as possible.
In this regard, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 9, 2006 PD-3709 "On measures to deepen economic reforms in the sector of fruit and vegetable growing and viticulture" and January 26, 2009 " On additional measures to expand food production and fill the domestic market" serves as a guideline [1,2,3].
Also, in the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 29, 2015 “On measures to further reform and develop agriculture in 2016-2020” for the past 5 years in our country has low soil fertility, low profitability. reducing the area under cotton to 170,5 thousand hectares and the area under grain to 50,000 hectares, which will increase soil fertility, meet the demand of the population for food and fodder products, legumes, fodder, vegetables, melons and gourds. Due to the organization of gradual planting of potato crops, work is underway to expand the area especially under melons. [4].
Today in Uzbekistan there are more than 160 varieties of melons, which differ in terms of ripening, yield, taste, shelf life of fruits, and most of them are known throughout the world.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is the largest horticultural region in Central Asia. Every year more than 35-40 thousand hectares of land are allocated for melons and the total yield is 450-500 thousand tons. Melon fruit has a wonderful taste and many useful properties. These qualities determine the dietary value of melon, its medicinal properties and its importance in traditional medicine.
Melon flesh is used in canning and confectionery according to various recipes. In particular, melon peel is consumed by locals and exported abroad.
Melon skins and raw fruits are an additional source of feed for livestock. Its seeds contain 35.0% oil, from which high-quality oil is made, not inferior to Provencal.
A serious disadvantage of modern horticulture is the seasonal consumption of this product. In winter, melons are a rare and scarce food. However, almost 50% of cultivated melons are late ripening, long-distance transport and well-preserved. As a result, it is possible to extend their consumption season by 6-7 months, not just 4-5 months.
In this regard, the third priority of the Strategy of Actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, put forward by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, pays special attention to the issues of “Modernization and accelerated development of agriculture” it is necessary to increase the production of dairy products, create new capacities for their storage and processing [5].
The availability of favorable conditions for growing melons in Uzbekistan, especially in our region, will allow to meet the demand for these products for some time. In this regard, it is important to extend the shelf life of melons, especially melons, without compromising their quality. However, as mentioned above, the growing conditions and agronomic techniques determine the safety of the product.
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