John Steinbeck in 1939 Born

List of selected publications[edit]

Main article: Bibliography of Virginia Woolf

  see Kirkpatrick & Clarke (1997), VWS (2018), Carter (2002)

Novels[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2017) [1915]. The voyage out. FV Éditions. ISBN 979-10-299-0459-2. see also The Voyage Out & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2004) [1919a]. Night and Day. 1st World Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59540-530-2. see also Night and Day & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2015) [1922a]. Jacob's Room. Mondial. ISBN 978-1-59569-114-9. see also Jacob's Room& Complete text
  
• 
  — (2012) [1925]. Mrs. Dalloway. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-723-2. see also Mrs Dalloway & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2004) [1927]. To the Lighthouse. Collector's Library. ISBN 978-1-904633-49-5. see also To the Lighthouse & Complete text, also Texts at Woolf Online
  
• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2006) [1928]. DiBattista, Maria (ed.). Orlando (Annotated): A Biography. HMH. ISBN 978-0-547-54316-1. see also Orlando: A Biography & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2000) [1931]. The Waves. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-84022-410-8. see also The Waves & Complete text
  
• 
  — (1936). The Years. Hogarth Press.
  
• 
  — (2014) [1941]. Between the Acts. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-544-45178-0. see also Between the Acts & Complete text
  

Short stories[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2016a) [1944]. The Short Stories of Virginia Woolf. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4733-6304-5. see also A Haunted House and Other Short Stories & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2015) [1917 Hogarth Press]. The Mark on the Wall. Booklassic. ISBN 978-963-522-263-6.see also The Mark on the Wall & Complete text
  
• 
  — (7 July 2015) [1919b Hogarth Press]. Kew Gardens. Booklassic. ISBN 978-963-522-264-3.see also Kew Gardens & Complete text
  

Cross-genre[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (1998) [1933]. Flush. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-283328-0. see also Flush: A Biography & Complete text
  

Drama[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2017) [1935]. Freshwater: A Comedy by Virginia Woolf (The 1923 & 1935 Editions). Musaicum Books. ISBN 978-80-272-3556-8. see also Freshwater
  
• 
  — (1976). Ruotolo, Lucio (ed.). Freshwater: a comedy. Illustrations: Edward Gorey. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 9780151334872.
  

Biography[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2017) [1940]. Roger Fry: A Biography. Musaicum Books. ISBN 978-80-272-3516-2. see also Roger Fry: A Biography & Complete text
  

Essays[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (14 December 1904). "Haworth, November 1904". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  
• 
  — (2016) [1929]. A Room of One's Own. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4733-6305-2. see also A Room of One's Own & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2017) [1924 Hogarth Press]. Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown. ISBN 978-88-260-3291-7. see also Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2016) [1932 Hogarth Press]. A Letter to a Young Poet. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4733-6307-6. see also A Letter to a Young Poet & Complete text
  
• 
  — (2016) [1938]. Three Guineas. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4733-6301-4. see also Three Guineas & Complete text
  

Essay collections[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (1986–2011). McNeillie, Andrew; Clarke, Stuart N. (eds.). The Essays of Virginia Woolf 6 vols. Random House.
  
  • 
    — (1986). The Essays of Virginia Woolf Volume Two 1912–1918. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-629055-5.
    
    • 
      Ackroyd 1988 (Review)
      
  • 
    — (1994). The Essays of Virginia Woolf Volume Four 1925–1928. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-7012-0666-6.
    
  • 
    — (2017). The Essays of Virginia Woolf Volume Five 1929–1932. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-8194-0.
    
  • 
    — (2011). The Essays of Virginia Woolf Volume Six 1933–1941. Random House. ISBN 978-0-7012-0671-0.
    
    • 
      Patten 2011 (Review)
      
• 
  — (2016b). The Collected Essays and Letters of Virginia Woolf – Including a Short Biography of the Author. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-4733-6310-6.
  
• 
  — (2017) [1947 Hogarth Press]. Woolf, Leonard (ed.). The Moment & Other Essays(posthumous). Musaicum Books. ISBN 978-80-272-3619-0. Complete text
  
  • 
    The Leaning Tower. 1940. pp. 100ff.
    
    • 
      Trilling 1948 (Review)
      
• 
  — (1950). Woolf, Leonard (ed.). The Captain's death bed: and other essays (posthumous). Hogarth Press. (excerpts)
  
  • 
    — (1932). Leslie Stephen. pp. 67–73. (excerpt) & also here
    
• 
  — (2009). Bradshaw, David (ed.). Selected Essays. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955606-9.
  
• 
  — (2017). The Greatest Essays of Virginia Woolf. Musaicum Books. ISBN 978-80-272-3514-8.
  

Contributions[edit]

• 
  Cameron, Julia Margaret (1973) [1926 Hogarth Press, edited by Leonard and Virginia Woolf].Powell, Tristram (ed.). Victorian photographs of famous men & fair women. Introductions by Virginia Woolf and Roger Fry (Revised ed.). D. R. Godine. ISBN 978-0-87923-076-0. (Digital edition)
  

Autobiographical writing[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2003) [1953]. Woolf, Leonard (ed.). A Writer's Diary. HMH. ISBN 978-0-547-54691-9.
  
  • 
    Auden 1954 (Review)
    
• 
  — (1985) [1976]. Schulkind, Jeanne (ed.). Moments of being: unpublished autobiographical writings (2nd ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-162034-0. (see Moments of Being)
  
  • 
    Schulkind, Jeanne (2007). Preface to the Second Edition. p. 6. Bibcode:2007ess..bookD..17M., in Woolf (1985) (excerpts)
    
  • 
    Schulkind, Jeanne. Introduction. pp. 11–24., in Woolf (1985)
    
  • 
    Reminiscences. 1908. pp. 25–60.
    
  • 
    A Sketch of the Past. 1940. pp. 61–160.^[af] (excerpts – 1st ed.)
    

Memoir Club Contributions

• 
  22 Hyde Park Gate. 1921. pp. 162–178.
  
• 
  Old Bloomsbury. 1922. pp. 179–202.
  
• 
  Am I a Snob?. 1936. pp. 203–220.
  

Diaries and notebooks[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (1990). Leaska, Mitchell A (ed.). A passionate apprentice: the early journals, 1897–1909. Hogarth Press. ISBN 9780701208455.
  
• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2003). Bradshaw, David (ed.). Carlyle's House and Other Sketches. Hesperus Press. ISBN 978-1-84391-055-8.
  
• 
  Woolf, Virginia (1977–1984). Bell, Anne Oliver (ed.). The Diary of Virginia Woolf 5 vols. Houghton Mifflin.
  
  • 
    — (1979). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume One 1915–1919. ISBN 978-0-544-31037-7.
    
  • 
    — (1981). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Two 1920–1924. ISBN 978-0-14-005283-1.
    
  • 
    — (1978). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Three 1925–1930.
    
  • 
    — (1985). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Five 1936–1941. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-626040-4.
    
• 
  — (2008). Rosenbaum, S. P. (ed.). The Platform of Time: Memoirs of Family and Friends. Hesperus Press. ISBN 978-1-84391-711-3.
  

Letters[edit]

• 
  — (1975–1980). Nicolson, Nigel; Banks, Joanne Trautmann (eds.). The Letters of Virginia Woolf 6 vols. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  
  • 
    — (1977). The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume One 1888–1912. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-650881-0.
    
    • 
      "Shut up in the Dark (Letter 531: Vanessa Bell, July 28, 1910)". The Paris Review. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
      
  • 
    — (1982). The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Two 1912–1922. Harvest/HBJ Books. ISBN 978-0-15-650882-7.
    
  • 
    — (1975). The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Three 1923–1928. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-150926-3.
    
  • 
    — (1979). The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Four 1929–1931. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-150927-0.
    
    • 
      Edel 1979 (Review)
      
  • 
    — (1982). The Letters of Virginia Woolf Volume Five 1932–1935. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-650886-5.
    

Photograph albums[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (1983). "Virginia Woolf Monk's House photographs, ca. 1867-1967 (MS Thr 564)" (Guide). Harvard Theatre Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard Library. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  
  • 
    List of Album Guides
    

1. 
   Album 1 MS Thr 557 (1863–1938)
   
2. 
   Album 2 MS Thr 559 (1909–1922)
   
3. 
   Album 3 MS Thr 560 (1890–1933)
   
4. 
   Album 4 MS Thr 561 (1890–1947)
   
5. 
   Album 5 MS Thr 562 (1892–1938)
   
6. 
   Album 6 MS Thr 563 (1850–1900)
   

Collections[edit]

• 
  Woolf, Virginia (2013). Delphi Complete Works of Virginia Woolf (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. ISBN 978-1-908909-19-0.
  
• 
  — (2015). "eBooks@Adelaide". Library of University of Adelaide. Retrieved 14 February2018.
  
• 
  — (2017a). The Complete Works of Virginia Woolf. Musaicum Books. ISBN 978-80-272-1784-7.
  
• 
  — (2007). "Virginia Woolf". Project Gutenberg Australia. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  

Views[edit]

In her lifetime, Woolf was outspoken on many topics that were considered controversial, some of which are now considered progressive, others regressive.^[347] She was an ardent feminist at a time when women's rights were barely recognised, and anti-colonialist, anti-imperialist and a pacifist when chauvinism was popular. On the other hand, she has been criticised for views on class and race in her private writings and published works. Like many of her contemporaries, some of her writing is now considered offensive. As a result, she is considered polarising, a revolutionary feminist and socialist hero or a purveyor of hate speech.^[347][348]

Works such as A Room of One's Own (1929)^[197] and Three Guineas (1938)^[349] are frequently taught as icons of feminist literature in courses that would be very critical of some of her views expressed elsewhere.^[350] She has also been the recipient of considerable homophobic and misogynist criticism.^[351]

Humanist views[edit]

Virginia Woolf was born into a non-religious family and is regarded, along with her fellow Bloomsberries E.M. Forster and G.E. Moore, as a humanist. Both her parents were prominent agnostic atheists. Her father, Leslie Stephen, had become famous in polite society for his writings which expressed and publicised reasons to doubt the veracity of religion. Stephen was also President of the West London Ethical Society, an early humanist organisation, and helped to found the Union of Ethical Societies in 1896. Woolf's mother, Julia Stephen, wrote the book Agnostic Women (1880), which argued that agnosticism (defined here as something more like atheism) could be a highly moral approach to life.

Woolf was a critic of Christianity. In a letter to Ethel Smyth, she gave a scathing denunciation of the religion, seeing it as self-righteous "egotism" and stating "my Jew [Leonard] has more religion in one toenail—more human love, in one hair".^[352] Woolf stated in her private letters that she thought of herself as an atheist.^[353]

She thought there were no Gods; no one was to blame; and so she evolved this atheist's religion of doing good for the sake of goodness.

— Woolf characterises Clarissa Dalloway, the title character of Mrs Dalloway^[354]

Controversies[edit]

Hermione Lee cites a number of extracts from Woolf's writings that many, including Lee, would consider offensive, and these criticisms can be traced back as far as those of Wyndham Lewis and Q.D. Leavis in the 1920s and 1930s.^[348] Other authors provide more nuanced contextual interpretations, and stress the complexity of her character and the apparent inherent contradictions in analysing her apparent flaws.^[350] She could certainly be off-hand, rude and even cruel in her dealings with other authors, translators and biographers, such as her treatment of Ruth Gruber. Some authors^[who?], particularly postcolonial feminists dismiss her (and modernist authors in general) as privileged, elitist, classist, racist, and antisemitic.

Woolf's tendentious expressions, including prejudicial feelings against disabled people, have often been the topic of academic criticism:^[348]

The first quotation is from a diary entry of September 1920 and runs: "The fact is the lower classes are detestable." The remainder follow the first in reproducing stereotypes standard to upper-class and upper-middle class life in the early 20h century: "imbeciles should certainly be killed"; "Jews" are greasy; a "crowd" is both an ontological "mass" and is, again, "detestable"; "Germans" are akin to vermin; some "baboon faced intellectuals" mix with "sad green dressed negroes and negresses, looking like chimpanzees" at a peace conference; Kensington High St. revolts one's stomach with its innumerable "women of incredible mediocrity, drab as dishwater".^[350]

Antisemitism[edit]

Though accused of antisemitism,^[355] the treatment of Judaism and Jews by Woolf is far from straightforward.^[356] She was happily married to a Jewish man but often wrote about Jewish characters using stereotypes and generalisations. For instance, she described some of the Jewish characters in her work in terms that suggested they were physically repulsive or dirty. On the other hand, she could criticise her own views: "How I hated marrying a Jew — how I hated their nasal voices and their oriental jewellery, and their noses and their wattles — what a snob I was: for they have immense vitality, and I think I like that quality best of all" (Letter to Ethel Smyth 1930).^{[357][260][358]} These attitudes have been construed to reflect, not so much antisemitism, but tribalism; she married outside her social grouping, and Leonard Woolf, too, expressed misgivings about marrying a gentile. Leonard, "a penniless Jew from Putney", lacked the material status of the Stephens and their circle.^[355]

While travelling on a cruise to Portugal, she protested at finding "a great many Portuguese Jews on board, and other repulsive objects, but we keep clear of them".^[359] Furthermore, she wrote in her diary: "I do not like the Jewish voice; I do not like the Jewish laugh." Her 1938 short story The Duchess and the Jeweller (originally titled The Duchess and the Jew) has been considered antisemitic.^[360]

Yet Woolf and her husband Leonard came to despise and fear the 1930s fascism and antisemitism. Her 1938 book Three Guineas^[349] was an indictment of fascism and what Woolf described as a recurring propensity among patriarchal societies to enforce repressive societal mores by violence.^[361]

Modern scholarship and interpretations[edit]

Though at least one biography of Virginia Woolf appeared in her lifetime, the first authoritative study of her life was published in 1972 by her nephew Quentin Bell. Hermione Lee's 1996 biography Virginia Woolf^[288] provides a thorough and authoritative examination of Woolf's life and work, which she discussed in an interview in 1997.^[362] In 2001, Louise DeSalvo and Mitchell A. Leaska edited The Letters of Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf. Julia Briggs's Virginia Woolf: An Inner Life (2005) focuses on Woolf's writing, including her novels and her commentary on the creative process, to illuminate her life. The sociologist Pierre Bourdieu also uses Woolf's literature to understand and analyse gender domination. Woolf biographer Gillian Gill notes that Woolf's traumatic experience of sexual abuse by her half-brothers during her childhood influenced her advocacy of protection of vulnerable children from similar experiences.^[363]