Jizzakh state pedogogical university named after abdulla kadiri foreign languages faculty

1.2.There are several key factors that can affect young learners' speaking skills development:
1. Exposure to the language: Young learners need to be exposed to the language they are learning in order to develop their speaking skills. This can be done through activities such as reading books, listening to songs or watching videos in the target language.
Exposure to the language is a crucial element in second language acquisition. It refers to the amount and quality of input that a language learner receives in the target language. The more exposure a learner has to the language, the greater the opportunity they have to acquire it.
Exposure to the language can take many forms, including listening to spoken language, reading written texts, and engaging in spoken interaction with others. The quality of the exposure is also important, as learners need to be exposed to language that is comprehensible, meaningful, and relevant to their needs and interests.
In order to acquire a language, learners need to be exposed to a sufficient amount of input that is just beyond their current level of proficiency, known as "comprehensible input." This means that the input should contain some new vocabulary, structures, or functions that the learner has not yet mastered, but which are not so difficult as to be completely incomprehensible.
Exposure to the language is particularly important in the early stages of language learning, when learners are still developing their basic proficiency in the language. However, it remains important throughout the language learning process, as learners need ongoing exposure to new and varied language input in order to continue improving their proficiency.
Overall, exposure to the language is a key factor in second language acquisition, and it is important for language learners to seek out and engage in a variety of language-rich experiences in order to maximize their opportunities for language learning.
2. Opportunities to practice: Young learners need opportunities to practice speaking the language. This can be done through activities such as role-plays, pair work, and group discussions. After a content-based lesson, a discussion can be held for various reasons. The students may aim to arrive at a conclusion, share ideas about an event, or find solutions in their discussion groups. Before the discussion, it is essential that the purpose of the discussion activity is set by the teacher. In this way, the discussion points are relevant to this purpose, so that students do not spend their time chatting with each other about irrelevant things. For example, students can become involved in agree/disagree discussions. In this type of discussions, the teacher can form groups of students, preferably 4 or 5 in each group, and provide controversial sentences like “people learn best when they read vs. people learn best when they travel”. Then each group works on their topic for a given time period, and presents their opinions to the class. It is essential that the speaking should be equally divided among group members. At the end, the class decides on the winning group who defended the idea in the best way. This activity fosters critical thinking and quick decision making, and students learn how to express and justify themselves in polite ways while disagreeing with the others. For efficient group discussions, it is always better not to form large groups, because quiet students may avoid contributing in large groups. The group members can be either assigned by the teacher or the students may determine it by themselves, but groups should be rearranged in every discussion activity so that students can work with various people and learn to be open to different ideas. Lastly, in class or group discussions, whatever the aim is, the students should always be encouraged to ask questions, paraphrase ideas, express support, check for clarification, and so on.
3. Feedback: Feedback is important for young learners to improve their speaking skills. Teachers or parents can provide feedback on pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Giving feedback for speaking skill is an important part of helping someone improve their speaking abilities. Here are some tips for giving effective feedback:
- Be specific: When giving feedback, be specific about what the speaker did well and what could be improved. For example, instead of saying "you need to speak more clearly," you could say "I had trouble understanding some of the words you said. Can you try speaking more slowly and enunciating each word?"
- Be constructive: Feedback should be constructive, not critical. Instead of focusing on what the speaker did wrong, focus on what they can do to improve. For example, instead of saying "you made a lot of mistakes," you could say "I noticed that you had trouble with some of the vocabulary. Maybe you could practice those words a bit more."
- Be encouraging: Speaking in a new language can be challenging and intimidating, so it's important to be encouraging and supportive. Let the speaker know what they did well and encourage them to keep practicing.
- Use examples: Provide examples of what the speaker did well and what could be improved. This can help them understand your feedback more clearly and apply it to future speaking situations. When teaching speaking skills to young learners, it is important to provide them with opportunities to practice in a fun and engaging way. Using examples can be a great way to help them understand how to use language in context and build their confidence. Here are some examples of how you can use examples in teaching speaking skills to young learners:
Role-playing: Have your students act out different scenarios using the language they have learned. For example, they can pretend to be ordering food in a restaurant, introducing themselves to someone new, or asking for directions.
Give them examples of what they might say in these situations to help them get started. Picture prompts: Use pictures to prompt conversation and encourage students to describe what they see. For example, show them a picture of a park and ask them to describe what they see, what people are doing, and what they would like to do there.
Storytelling: Encourage students to tell stories using language they have learned. Provide them with examples of stories they can tell, such as fairy tales or personal experiences.Show and tell: Have your students bring in an object from home and give a short presentation about it. This will give them a chance to practice speaking in front of the class and use descriptive language. Scavenger hunt: Create a scavenger hunt where students have to find certain objects and describe them using language they have learned. For example, they might have to find something blue or something that is round.By using examples in these ways, you can help your young learners develop their speaking skills in a fun and engaging way.Ask for their input: Ask the speaker for their thoughts on how they did and what they could do to improve. This can help them take ownership of their learning and feel more invested in the feedback process.
Give feedback regularly: Regular feedback can help the speaker track their progress and stay motivated. Consider setting up regular feedback sessions to help them improve their speaking skills over time.
4. Motivation: Motivation is key to language learning. Young learners who are motivated to learn the language are more likely to develop their speaking skills. Motivation is a key factor in improving speaking skills. Here are some tips for staying motivated when practicing speaking:
- Set goals: Set specific, achievable goals for your speaking practice. This could include things like speaking for a certain amount of time each day or week, practicing a specific skill (such as pronunciation or vocabulary), or preparing for a specific speaking task (such as a presentation or interview).
- Find a speaking partner: Practicing with a speaking partner can help keep you motivated and accountable. Look for someone who is also learning the language or a native speaker who is willing to practice with you.
- Use authentic materials: Use authentic materials such as podcasts, TV shows, or movies in the language you are learning. This can make speaking practice more engaging and interesting.
- Celebrate small successes: Celebrate your small successes along the way, such as successfully ordering food in a restaurant or having a short conversation with a native speaker. This can help you stay motivated and feel a sense of progress.
- Focus on your strengths: Focus on your strengths and what you are good at when speaking. This can help build confidence and motivation.
- Keep a positive attitude: Keep a positive attitude and don't get discouraged by mistakes or setbacks. Remember that making mistakes
is a natural part of the learning process, and every mistake is an opportunity to learn and improve.
-Reward yourself: Reward yourself for achieving your goals or milestones. This could be something small, like treating yourself to your favorite snack, or something bigger, like planning a trip to a place where the language is spoken.
5. Vocabulary and grammar knowledge: Young learners need to have a good understanding of vocabulary and grammar in order to be able to speak the language fluently. Vocabulary and grammar knowledge are both important in speaking. Vocabulary refers to the words that a person knows and can use to express themselves, while grammar refers to the rules that govern the structure of language. Having a wide vocabulary allows a person to choose the right words to express their thoughts and ideas accurately and precisely. It also helps them to avoid using the same words repeatedly and to avoid misunderstandings. Grammar knowledge is also important because it allows a person to construct sentences that are grammatically correct and easy to understand. This includes using correct verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and correct word order. Proper grammar ensures that the speaker's message is conveyed clearly and effectively.
Overall, having a good command of both vocabulary and grammar is essential for effective communication in spoken language.
6. Confidence: Confidence is important for young learners to develop their speaking skills. Encouraging learners to speak in a supportive and non-judgmental environment can help build their confidence. Confidence in speaking is also an important aspect of effective communication. When a person is confident, they are more likely to speak clearly, maintain eye contact, and use appropriate body language. This helps to convey the message in a more convincing and persuasive manner.
Being confident in speaking can be challenging for many people, especially when speaking in a foreign language or in front of others. However, there are several strategies that can help you build your confidence and become a more effective speaker:
- Practice: The more you practice speaking, the more comfortable you will become. Try to speak as often as possible, even if it's just to yourself or a friend. The more you practice, the easier it will become.
- Prepare: If you're nervous about speaking in front of others, prepare ahead of time. Write down what you want to say, practice in front of a mirror, or record yourself speaking. The more prepared you are, the more confident you will feel.
- Focus on your strengths: Everyone has strengths and weaknesses when it comes to speaking. Focus on your strengths and try to build on them. For example, if you're good at telling stories, focus on that and try to incorporate storytelling into your speaking.
- Don't worry about mistakes: It's natural to make mistakes when speaking, especially when learning a new language. Don't worry about making mistakes, instead focus on communicating your ideas. If you do make a mistake, simply correct it and move on.
- Use positive self-talk: Use positive self-talk to build your confidence. Tell yourself that you can do it and that you're a good speaker. This will help you feel more confident and positive about your speaking abilities.
Remember, building confidence in speaking takes time and practice. Be patient with yourself and keep practicing. Over time, you will become a more confident and effective speaker.