Jizzakh state pedagogical intitute foreign languages faculty

The aim of the course paper is about Neologisms in english terminology
To reach the aim I put forward the following tasks:
~To learn Neologisms
~To study popular examples of neologisms
~ Analysis of the neologization from the point of view of the linguocultural approach
~To give information about DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEOLOGISM AND THEIR TRANSLATION
The subject of my course paper is Neologisms in english terminology
The object of my course paper is analyzes the origion of Neologisms and DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEOLOGISM
The course paper includes introduction, main part, conclusion and list of references.

CHAPTER I. Neologisms in The English Language

The vocabulary of each country is constantly changing and developing in different ways. This process reflects the global nature of language and communication. It shows how quickly the use of new words or meanings can move from one end of the globe to the other. English neologism s, marked by online English dictionaries for the period 2016-2019, became the object of study of this article. Media occupies an important place among the intermediaries in the dissemination of new words. Journalists can be the authors of neologisms, and like news editions, they can open up new prospects for the use of various neologisms. A new word in the text of the newspaper goes through the stage of socialization. In addition, semantic novelty gives rise to pragmatic novelty. The material for the study was the online media texts of high-quality British and American newspapers. This allows us to obtain a detailed understanding of the specifics of neologism s and allows us to trace the level of productivity of their use in the two main diatonic versions of the English language. The results obtained indicate that there is a consistent pattern before lexicographers begin to observe an interest in the society for new words it takes at least 3-4 years. The same trend is observed when using neologism s on the pages of quality newspapers. Sometimes a new lexical unit gets a stylistic connotation. The dynamics of the use of lexical innovations is cyclical in connection with the importance of the problems that arise in society.
Modern life requires the study of all that is new in language. Like any language, English is experiencing a "neological boom." There are a number of definitions for the term "neologism." According to Cambridge English Dictionary, it is “a new word or expression, or a new meaning for an existing word”. In researches, scientists often use the term “coinage” (Crystal, 2002). Neologisms — newly coined words or new senses of an existing word — are constantly being introduced into a language (Algeo, 1980). An ever-growing stream of new names contributes to a significant expansion of the neological space of the language (Katermina, 2017).
The field of neology has attracted the attention of linguists for more than a dozen years. A large number of research papers are devoted to the study and analysis of neologisms. Literature review revealed that the majority of research studies on neologisms belong to the field of linguistics. They are based on five theories, which define neologisms from different perspectives: stylistic theory (Ratsiburskaya & Solovyeva, 2018; Rets, 2014); denotation theory (Ulanova, 2014); structural theory (Toropkina, 2019); etymological theory (Cook, 2010); lexicographic theory (Yashina & Polyakova, 2017). Nevertheless, the specificity of the object under study is such that the topic does not exhaust itself, and research works continue to be relevant.
The appeal to the study of neologisms within the framework of a media text makes perfect sense. The continuous appearance of information in the media affects processes such as direct formation of neologisms and the dissemination, the way they are used in the language.
At the same time, depending on the frequency of using new lexical formations on the pages of high-quality newspapers, one can talk about the trends of the penetration of lexical innovations into the literary language and their fixation in dictionaries. In our work, we will add on to neologisms not only new words in form and meaning, but also units already present in the nominative fund whose meaning has been transformed.
Neologisms have been allotted a lot of different definitions. In dictionaries, neologism is generally defined as ‘a new word or a new meaning for an established word’. To be more specific, Peter Newmark defines neologisms as “newly come lexical or existing units that acquire a new sense” (Newmark 1988: 140). According to Oxford Dictionary of English (2003: 1179) a neologism is “a newly coined word or expression that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event. The term neologism is not used only in linguistics, it can also be found in other sciences. And if we take some science in particular, we may see that all of them reflect the essence of the notion, as there is “always something new”. It is possible to create a new definition using all the abovementioned ones. This definition might be as follows: a neologism is a word, a term, or a phrase that has been recently created (or coined) often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. Neologisms are especially useful in denominating inventions, new phenomena, or old ideas that have taken on a new cultural context. In the present research we will stick to this definition, as it seems to include all the main characteristic features of neologisms. As it has already been mentioned the term neologism was coined in English in 1803. But the English variant of this term was not new because French, Italian and German had their respective terms, which were invented in the previous 65 years (Oxford Dictionary of English, 2003). The critics of the time conceived of neologism in literature as analogous to the continuous creation and introduction of new lexical units into the language, and they thought of language change in general as the process of decay. Thus neologism was condemned on both aesthetic and linguistic grounds and the term was used pejoratively only. This older meaning of neologism, and the attitude it reflects, are still alive today. However, as early as the second half of the 18th century, it became obvious that the vocabulary of literary expression should and perhaps could not be fully limited. Thus pejorative neologism was given an ameliorative doublet, neology which meant the introduction of “approved” or “correct” new words into language (Петрашевский 1846:234). The old meaning of neologism is synonymous to that of barbarism, gallicism (in English), anglicism (in French), and even archaism. It is opposed to purism (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000). Such word characteristics as being an archaism or a neologism are historically relative. To value the level of word topicality, to ascribe to neologism the features of archaism is possible only by looking at a certain period of social existence of a language. Words such as cable television (1966), CD-Rom (1988), flashback (1966), environment (1972), hip-hop (1985), or piña colada (1967) were new words in their times; today, however, they are all familiar to the general public. There are a lot of different viewpoints concerning neologisms and their age. The main problem is to state when the new word becomes a neologism. Some scholars think that if you feel that the word is a neologism – it is a neologism. Some scholars claim that the word should not be older than 25 years so that it could be considered a neologism. One of the methods used by scholars in any science is the classification of the phenomena under investigation. For instance, in linguistics we study different parts of speech; we know the functions of words in sentences. What concerns neologisms, we have to state that the question of classification of neologisms has not been settled yet; there is no single way of classifying them. In different classifications worked out by scholars different aspects of neologism have been taken into account. The Russian linguist L.A.Haham classifies neologisms taking into account their semantics and structure, therefore this classification of neologisms can be named the structural-semantic classification of neologisms
. The article focuses on analysis of nominative processes and lexical change occurring in English at the present stage of language development. Lexical system, being the most flexible and accessible, constantly evolves with the development of society embracing new lexical means and thus reflecting current social trends. New recently coined English words are the object of this article. The material included neologisms which have been added to oxford online dictionaries since 2010. Most of these lexical units have been selected for Oxford Word of the Year shortlists, compiled on the basis of their frequent use and significance in a particular year. A brief review of theoretical approaches to studying neologisms and the factors influencing their coinage is accompanied by comparative studies of statistical data conducted by linguists in late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This paper examines some distinctive characteristics of popular English neologisms and their actualization in everyday communication of native speakers of the English language. The research consisted of two stages: analytical, which included lexical analysis of neologisms, and interactive presenting an informant survey. A number of generalized thematic groups / functioning spheres have been identified in the semantic aspect during the initial stage. The degree of actual usage of these linguistic units by native English speakers has been determined in the survey of informants. The analysis of survey results has been performed and the attitude of native speakers to new and emerging words has Koltsova E.A. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, LANGUAGES AND TRANSLATION 613 been considered. An attempt has been made to reveal the underlying causes of the current changes and to propose an interpretation of the results received. Key words: neologisms, language evolution, linguistic change, spheres of functioning, linguistic picture of the world