Japanese agricultural cooperatives at crossroads: a review

Challenges Faced by Japanese Agricultural

declined  gradually. The gross profits from insurance

Cooperatives:  In this section, some of the challenges

business show a similar trend. 

faced by the JA are briefly discussed. The main

The JA financial business has grown rapidly in 1980s

challenges faced by the JA arise due to three

and 1990s however, since then both credit and insurance

interdependent domains such as changing agricultural

businesses  have declined. The trend in once lucrative

structure, trade liberalization and the political dynamics.

financial business of the JA seems to be on the decline,

this can be attributed to the ongoing financial