MUNDARIJA Kirish.............................................................................................................................................................4 Ma’ruza mavzulari bo’yicha o’quv materiallari......................................................................................5 1-mavzu: Evropa ittifoqi davlatlari................................................................................................................5
2-mavzu: Evropa mamlakatlarining umumiy tavsifi.....................................................................................8
3-mavzu: G’arbiy Yevropa davlatlari..........................................................................................................15
4-mavzu: Shimoliy Yevropa davlatlari........................................................................................................26
5-mavzu: Janubiy Yevropa davlatlari .........................................................................................................27
6-mavzu: Sharqiy Yevropa mamlakatlari....................................................................................................32
7-mavzu: Shimoliy Amerika mamlakatlari..................................................................................................42
8-mavzu:Lotin Amerikasi davlatlari...........................................................................................................50
9-mavzu: Osiyo qit’asi subregionlari ..........................................................................................................60
10-mavzu: Sharqiy Osiyo davlatlari............................................................................................................63
11-mavzu: Yaponiya....................................................................................................................................64
12-mavzu: Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi............................................................................................................66
13-mavzu: Koreya Respublikalari (Janubiy Koreya-Koreya Respublikasi va Shimoliy Koreya-KXDR) lari................................................................................................................................................................68
14-mavzu: Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo mamlakatlari...........................................................................................70
15-mavzu: Janubiy Osiyo mamlakatlari......................................................................................................73
16-mavzu: Janubi-G’arbiy Osiyo davlatlari.................................................................................................77
17-mavzu: Avstraliya va Okeaniya davlatlari..............................................................................................87
18-mavzu: Afrika davlatlari.........................................................................................................................90