Jadam organic Farming & Gardening : The Way to Ultra-Low-Cost Agriculture, Make All-Natural Fertilizer, Pesticide and Microorganism Inputs Yourself

Copper (Cu)
As with iron, copper binds to enzymes participating in oxidation-reduction
reactions where Cu
+
is reversibly oxidized to Cu
2+
. If it is deicient, leaves
become dark green with necrotic spots. Necrotic spots begin with the
apiculus of young leaves and extend to the leaf base along with the leaf
margins. Leaves are twisted or show deformity. 
Nickel (Ni)
Nickel is needed for enzymes that reprocesses some hydrogen gas generated
during nitrogen ixation in nitrogen-ixing microorganisms. If it is dei-
cient, plants accumulate urea in their leaves, resulting in necrosis of the
apiculus of the leaves. Nickel deiciency is rarely seen in plants growing in
soil because they need only a very small amount of nickel.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Mo
4+
and Mo
6+
, Molybdenum ions are components of some enzymes in-
cluding nitrate reductase and nitrogen-ixing enzymes. Nitrate reductase
catalyzes the reaction so that nitrate is reduced to nitrite when nitrate is as-
similated by plant cells. Nitrogen-ixing enzymes convert nitrogen gas in
nitrogen-ixing microorganisms to ammonia. If it is deicient, general
chlorosis between the veins of leaves and necrosis on old leaves occur.
Flower formation is inhibited and lowers drop off before maturity. e
amount of molybdenum required is extremely small – about 1/1,000,000
of the nitrogen – but it is deicient in some soils. If this becomes evident,
the addition of a minute amount of molybdenum can dramatically im-
prove the growth of crops and green vegetables.
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JADAM Organic Farming 
Cobalt (Co)
Cobalt is in cobalamine, a component of some enzymes contained in nitro-
gen-ixing microorganisms. Its deiciency stops development and function-
ing of nitrogen-ixing tubercles. However, nitrogen-ixing plants for which
ammonium or nitrogen are provided and non-nitrogen-ixing plants do not
need cobalt.
Accumulation of other elements in plant tissues has been identiied but
their roles have not been revealed. It is not easy to ind out the exact roles
of elements and the problems caused by their deiciency. JADAM advocates
a pure, balanced form of fertilization. It is best to prevent any deiciency of
inorganic nutrients. at is why JADAM recommends the use of sea water
(which contains over 83 elements), rock solution, and humus soil solution
throughout the year.
20
30
50
100
150 200 250 300 500
800
18
20
25
50
70
100 
150
300
500
700
1,000
Dilution 
rate
Water 
volume
(L)
900
900
600
600
360
400
500
1,000
1,400
2,000
3,000
6,000
10,000
14,000
20,000
180
200
250
500
700
1,000
1,500
3,000
5,000
7,000
10,000
120
133
90
100
125
250
350
500
750
1,500
2,500
3,500
5,000
167
333
467
667
1,000
2,000
3,333
4,667
6,667
72
80
100
200
280
400
600
1,200
2,000
2,800
4,000
60
67
83
167
233
333
500
1,000
1,667
2,333
3,333
36
40
50
100
140
200
300
600
1,000
1,400
2,000
23
25
31
63
88
125
188
375
625
875
1,250
833
1,666
2,333
3,333
5,000
10,000
16,666
23,333
33,333
1,250
2,500
3,500
5,000
7,500
15,000
25,000
35,000
50,000