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ILMIY AXBOROTNOMA
SOTSIOLOGIYA 2017-yil, 2-son
Historical and cultural commonality, as well as the fact that Uzbekistan and Malaysia’s tourism
infrastructures are developed can be considered as the main factor which strengthens bilateral
cooperation in the sphere of tourism.
Nations of Uzbekistan and Malaysia have a lot in common, particularly, eagerness to strengthen
peace and stability, to solve conflicts in a peaceful way, fight against terrorism, drug traffic and
commonality in religion, traditions, customs and way of life.
Uzbekistan - Indonesia. Diplomatic relations were established on the 23rd June, 1992. Although
territorially Uzbekistan and Indonesia are far from each other the two states are close in history,
culture and religion.
These two states are actively developing bilateral relations in the spheres of politics, economics
and culture. The president of Uzbekistan I.A.Karimov paid an official visit to Indonesia in 1992. In its
turn, the president of Indonesia Suharto visited Uzbekistan visited Uzbekistan in 1995. During these
visits there were set legal foundations of bilateral relations, there were identified the main directions of
the cooperation. Long before this in 1956 the former president of Indonesia Sukarno visited
Samarkand and went to such sightseeing places as the mausoleum of famous theological scientist
Imom Bukhoi and Qusam-ibn-Abbos in the memorial complex of Shohi-Zinda mausoleum.
There is an intergovernmental memorandum in the sphere of tourism which has been
functioning since 1955[11]. If we have a look at the main features of bilateral relations in the first
years the atmosphere of cooperation was rather warm. However, the economic crisis which hit East-
Asian countries in the 1990-s had an influence on bilateral relations and caused suspension of some
beneficial projects for both sides. Furthermore, at the beginning of the XXI century
Indonesia
overcame the economic crisis and restored its position in the international market by activating foreign
business relations gradually[12].
Starting from 2004 Indonesia again expanded the cooperation with Uzbekistan and in the same
year there was organized an exhibition of Indonesian goods. In 2005 there were organized business
meetings and visits of Indonesian businessmen in order to strengthen business relations between two
states.
Nowadays bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Indonesia are developing on the base of
such documents as “The intergovernmental agreement on economic and technical cooperation”, “The
intergovernmental agreement on the protection and support of incomes” and “The intergovernmental
agreement on avoidance of double taxation”[13].
Mutual trade is limited by a number of goods and services and it does not meet the economic
opportunities of two states. In 2012 turnover was $15 million[14], in 2013 it was $17 million[15].
As the base of the development of the Uzbek-Indonesian relationships we can consider two
states’ high potential in the sphere of tourism and issues of mutual cooperation. Learning Indonesian
experience and implementing it in the industry of tourism can be beneficial to the potential growth of
tourism in our country and to its profitability.
Most of the population in Indonesia is Muslims. Every year they set out on a pilgrimage.
Uzbekistan’s lots of Islam sightseeing places, particularly, mausoleums of such theological and
religious scientists as Al-Bukhori, Nakshbandi, At-Termizi are very popular in Indonesia.
In our opinion, there is a great opportunity of the growth of tourist flow from Indonesia and
transforming Uzbekistan into a sub continental touristic center by organizing travel tours for visiting
historical sightseeing places of Uzbekistan.
There is a mutual Commission on bilateral cooperation between the governments of Uzbekistan
and Indonesia which has been functioning since 2009.
In September, 2002 there was established a friendship society “Uzbekistan-Indonesia” in order
to develop further friendship, cooperation and cultural relations between two states. In September,
1997 there was signed a Protocol on the establishment of sworn brotherhood relations between
Samarkand and Banda-Acheh.
There is a study center of the Indonesian language at Samarkand University of economics and
technique which has been functioning since 2001. In this center about 20 students study for free
annually[16]. There is a Cabinet of the Indonesian language and culture at Samarkand World
Languages University. In addition, the Indonesian language is taught there as an optional subject.
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