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Lecture 9. Analyze and management of safety information.

1. 
   Safety analysis is the process of applying statistical or other analytical techniques to check, examine, describe, transform, condense, evaluate and visualize safety data and safety information in order to discover useful information, suggest conclusions and support data-driven decision-making. Analysis helps organizations to generate actionable safety information in the form of statistics, graphs, maps, dashboards and presentations. Safety analysis is especially valuable for large and/or mature organization with rich safety data. Safety analysis relies on the simultaneous application of statistics, computing and operations research. The result of a safety analysis should present the safety situation in ways that enable decision makers to make data-driven safety decisions.
   
2. 
   States are required to establish and maintain a process to analyse the safety data and safety information from the SDCPS and associated safety databases. One of the objectives of safety data and safety information analysis at the State level is the identification of systemic and cross-cutting hazards that might not otherwise be identified by the safety data analysis processes of individual service providers.
   
3. 
   Safety analysis may be a new function the State or service provider may need to establish. It should be noted that the required competencies to conduct effective safety analysis might be outside of the purview of a traditional safety inspector. States and service providers should consider the skills necessary to analyse safety information and decide whether this role, with appropriate training, should be an extension of an existing position or whether it would be more efficient to establish a new position, outsource the role, or use a hybrid of these approaches. The decision will be driven by the plans and circumstances of each State or service provider.
   
4. 
   In parallel with the human resourcing considerations should be an analysis of the existing software, and business and decision-making policies and processes. To be effective, the safety analysis should be integrated with the organization’s existing core tools, policies and processes. Once amalgamated, the ongoing development of safety intelligence should be seamless and part of the organization’s usual business practice.
   
5. 
   Safety data and safety information analysis can be conducted in many ways, some requiring more robust data and analytic capabilities than others. The use of suitable tools for analysis of safety data and safety information provides a more accurate understanding of the overall situation by examining the data in ways that reveal the existing relationships, connections, patterns and trends that exist within.
   

6. 
   An organization with a mature analysis capability is better able to:
   
   1. 
      establish effective safety metrics;
      
   2. 
      establish safety presentation capabilities (e.g. safety dashboard) for ready interpretation of safety information by decision makers;
      
   3. 
      monitor safety performance of a given sector, organization, system or process;
      
   4. 
      highlight safety trends, safety targets;
      
   5. 
      alert safety decision makers, based on safety triggers;
      
   6. 
      identify factors that cause change;
      
   7. 
      identify connections or “correlations” between or among various factors;
      
   8. 
      test assumptions; and
      
   9. 
      develop predictive modelling capabilities.
      
7. 
   Organizations should include a range of appropriate information sources in their safety analysis, not just “safety data”. Examples of useful additions to the data set include: weather, terrain, traffic, demographics, geography, etc. Having access to and exploiting a broader range of data sources will ensure analysts and safety decision makers are aware of the bigger picture, within which the safety decisions are made.
   
8. 
   States, in particular, should be especially interested in information which identifies safety trends and hazards that cut across the aviation system.
   

1.